IAEA推荐的操作干预水平OIL1和OIL2缺省值的导出及其适宜性的初步研究  

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF DERIVATION AND SUITABLENESS OF DEFAULT VALUES OIL1 AND OIL2 RECOMMENDED BY IAEA FOR PWR ACCIDENTS

作　　者：凌永生[1] 施仲齐[1] 王醒宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学核能技术设计研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《辐射防护》2005年第1期11-17,共7页Radiation Protection

摘　　要：本文简要介绍了操作干预水平 (OIL)的概念、应用和IAEA建议的缺省值及其导出方法 ,运用有代表性的美国《反应堆安全研究》的事故源项和法国严重事故源项 (S1 ,S2 ,S3 ) ,着重研究了压水堆事故下OIL缺省值导出假定的两个参数R1(总有效剂量率和烟羽外照射剂量率的比值 )、R2 (甲状腺剂量率和烟羽外照射剂量率的比值 )数值的合理性。初步研究表明 ,对所研究的事故类型 ,平均来说 ,R1、R2 参数取值和相应的OIL1、OIL2缺省值是适宜的 ;但对不同事故类型计算得出的OIL与其缺省值存在一定的偏差。相对事故源项来说 ,事故天气条件以及距离对R1、R2 的影响较小 (PWR1～PWR7中R1、R2 的数值随距离变化的最大值约为最小值的 2倍 ;而在大气稳定度类别为A、D和F这三类气象条件下 ,PWR1～PWR6平均的R1、R2 数值与缺省值假定计算条件设定值的最大偏差大约为 5 0 % )。因此 ,在实际应急响应中运用OIL缺省值时 。This paper introduces the definition of operational intervention level (OIL) and the derived process of default values of OILs recommended by IAEA. Then the paper focused on the reasonableness of two parameters, R 1 (ratio of dose rate from inhalation to ambient dose rate) and R 2(ratio of thyroid dose rate to ambient dose rate from inhalation of iodine), which is assumed in derived process of default OIL1 and OIL2 for PWR reactor accidents. For the source terms of PWR accidents described in WASH-1400 and France severe accident, the average values of R 1 and R 2 in the same accident series derived by the calculating program of Inter RAS are close to the presumptive values. The results also indicated the rationalization of the default OIL1 and OIL2.The impact of meteorological conditions and distance on values of R 1 and R 2 is smaller than accident source terms (The ratio of the maximum to minimum of R 1 and R 2 at different distances in accident of PWR1～PWR7 equals to two approximately; The deviation to default valucs of R 1 and R 2 recommended by IAEA is about fifty percent in different meteorological conditions in accident of PWR1～PWR6). So the default OILs should be corrected or recalculated during a real accident.

关 键 词：外照射剂量 初步研究 比值 和法 甲状腺 有效剂量 适宜 干预水平 IAEA PWR 

分 类 号：TL364[核科学技术—核技术及应用] R144[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]