人胚胎长骨的组织学观察  

A Histological Observation on the Long Bone of Human Fetuses

作　　者：屈丽华[1] 李秀芝[1] 刘月顺[1] 龙治峰[1] 屈姣华[2] 

机构地区：[1]衡阳医学院组胚教研室,湖南衡阳421001 [2]衡阳医学院第一附属医院

出　　处：《南华大学学报（医学版）》2000年第6期555-558,共4页Journal of Nanhua University(Medical Edition)

摘　　要：目的　探讨人胚胎长骨的发生及发育过程。方法　取第 9～ 38周人胚胎股骨 ,用HE、硫堇 -苦味酸及Mallory氏法染色 ,光镜观察。结果　第 9周胚胎股骨为软骨雏形。第 10～ 38周胚胎股骨可分出骺软骨、干骺端及骨干三部分 ,干骺端原始骨髓腔内富含血管、成骨细胞及造血细胞 ,成骨细胞与造血细胞的比例随胎龄而异 ,第 2 0周以前 ,以成骨细胞为主 ,造血细胞极少 ,随胎龄增加 ,成骨细胞的比例逐渐下降 ,造血细胞增加 ;骨干表面不光滑 ,有许多纵嵴、纵沟 ,骨外膜内层覆于嵴上并衬于沟内 ,纵嵴纵沟以第 13～ 2 6周胚胎为多 ,第 2 7周以后逐渐减少 ,骨干表面逐渐变得光滑 ,足月时出现外环骨板 ;骨干皮质由骨小梁网构成 ,胚胎早期网眼大、不规则 ,随胎龄增加 ,网眼变小 ,周围出现分层不清的同心圆状排列的骨板。结论　人胚胎长骨的纵向生长速率随胎龄的增加而相对减慢 ,其横向生长是由于骨外膜内层的成骨细胞以形成纵嵴的方式 ,不断地在骨干表面添加新的骨质 。Objective:To explore the process of genesis and development of long bone of human fetus. Methods:The sections of femora of the human fetuses ranging in gestational age from 9 to 38 weeks were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin,Thionin-Trinitrophenol,and Mallory's methods.Results: The femora of the 9 week fetuses were cartilage models. The femora of 10 to 38 weeks fetuses comprised epiphseal cartilage, metaphysis and diaphysis. The primary bone marrow cavities between metaphyseal bony trabeculae contained blood vessels,osteoblasts and hemopoietic cells. The proportion of osteoblasts to hemopoietic cells changed with the gestational age. Before the 20th gestational week the osteoblasts were in an overwhelming majority and the hemopoietic cells were in a tiny minority. With the advancing of gestational age the osteoblasts gradually decreased and the hemopoietic cells increased.The surface of the shaft was not smooth, demonstrating a series of longitudinal ridges with grooves between them. The inner layer cells of periosteum covered the top of ridges and lined the grooves. The longitudinal ridges and grooves on the surface of the shaft were more in 13 to 26 week fetuses and gradually decreased after 27 weeks gestation,then the surface of the shaft became smoother.The outer circumferential lamellae occurred on the surface of a shaft in full-term fetuses. The cortex of shaft was composed of a network of bone trabeculae in which the spaces were large and irregular in early fetal life. As the gestational age increased, the bone of concentric unidentifial layer surrounded the spaces which were reduced to canals in the network of trabeculae.Conclusion:The growth rate in length of a hunan fetal long bone decreased relatively with the increasing of gestational age.The reason that a human fetal Long bone grows in width is mainly that the inner layer osteoblast of periosteum constainly addes the new bone to a diaphysial surface by means of forming lon

关 键 词：人胚胎 骨发育 哈佛氏系统 股骨 

分 类 号：R329.1[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]