植物残体腐解过程腐解物热解特征的研究  

PYROLYTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF DECAYING SUBSTANCES OF PLANT RESIDUES DURING DECAY PROCESS

作　　者：白锦鳞[1] 张一平[1] 陈思根[1] 杜建军[1] 李叙勇 杜建平 

机构地区：[1]西北农业大学,712100

出　　处：《土壤学报》1993年第4期400-405,共6页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金

摘　　要：本文应用差热(DTA)、热重(TG)和微商热重(DTG)分析技术,研究植物残体腐解过程能态的动态变化规律。结果表明,DTA曲线上330℃放热峰是有机质热解的主要特征峰,用该峰的焓变(△H)大小表征有机残体能态的相对高低,得到有机残体腐解过程能态的动态变化特征为:在宏观整体上表现为放能过程,但在局部阶段呈现吸能与放能的交替。整个腐解过程依据能量变化特征,可依次划分为波动起伏—急剧下降—趋于平稳三个阶段。焓变与有机碳(%)呈极显著相关,N素可加速腐解过程的进行,并增加波动起伏阶段能态的波动幅度,缩短急剧下降阶段,导致能态趋于平稳阶段的提前。全部腐解在试验条件下11个月基本完成。TG和DTG曲线与DTA具有相同的特征。The dynamics of decaying substances of plant residues during various decay periods was studied by using the DTA, TG and DTG analytic techniques. The results showed that the exothermic peaks at 330℃ in DTA curve was the specific peak of organic matter pyrolysis, and the dynamic energy characteristics of decaying substances of plant residues during decay process expressed by the enthalpy change (AH) of this exothermic peak were that the decay process of plant residues was a exothermic process as a whole, but it appeartd as an alternation process of endotherm and exotherm at some decay stage. According to the energy change characteristics the whole decaying process of plant rtsidues could be divided in to three stages, i.e., the fluotuating stage——the drastical decline stage——the stage tending to be stable. A significant correlation was found between the enthalpy change (AH) and O.M. (%). Adding nitrogen could accelerate the decay process of plant residues and increase the energy flutuation extent at the fluctuating stage and shorten the drastical decline stage as well as result in advance of the stage tending to be stable. Whole decay process could be finished in eleven mouths under the experimental conditions. TG and DTG curves had the same characteristics as DTA.

关 键 词：有机残体 腐解过程 腐解物 热分析 

分 类 号：S154.4[农业科学—土壤学]