极端条件下几种锦鸡儿属灌木的生理特性  

Physiological Characteristics of Several Caragana Shrub Species under Extreme Conditions

作　　者：周海燕[1] 李新荣[1] 樊恒文[1] 王新平[1] 谭会娟[1] 李爱霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所沙坡头沙漠试验研究站,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2005年第2期182-190,共9页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学资助项目(90202015;40401004);中国科学院资环领域野外台站研究基金项目共同资助

摘　　要：研究了土壤极端干旱和旱后复灌条件下4种锦鸡儿属灌木(黄刺条、甘蒙锦鸡儿、白皮锦鸡儿和狭叶锦鸡儿)的光合作用、蒸腾作用、气孔调节、水势变化、叶绿素荧光和脯氨酸累积等特征。结果显示:土壤极端干旱叠加高温、高光辐射和低空气湿度,使4种灌木的生理活动降到极限,各项生理指标对小气候因子的变化已无明显响应;旱后复灌,使4种灌木的生理活动明显恢复,对小气候因子的变化响应明显;不同种对土壤干湿变化的响应程度不同,以甘蒙锦鸡儿变化幅度最大,以白皮锦鸡儿变化幅度最小;由土壤干湿条件下的生理响应可以说明,甘蒙锦鸡儿为一喜湿种,白皮锦鸡儿对土壤干湿变化的适应幅度较小,而以黄刺条和狭叶锦鸡儿的适应幅度最大。The physiological characteristics such as photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatic regulation, water potential variation, chlorophyll fluorescence and proline accumulation etc. of four Caragana shrub species (Caragana frutex, C. opulens, C. leucophloea and C. stenophylla) under extreme soil drought condition and post-drought irrigation condition were studied. The results show that extreme soil drought coupling with high temperature, strong solar radiation and low air humidity made the physiological activity of four shrub species be limiting, therefore no obvious responses of various physiological indexes to the microclimatic factors could be observed; post-drought irrigation enabled the physiological activity of four shrub species to resume significantly, and their responses to the changes of microclimatic factors also became noticeable. Different species had different responsiveness to soil moisture variations, C. opulens exhibited a largest amplitude, while C. leucophloea showed a smallest amplitude. Physiological responses to soil moisture conditions demonstrate that C. opulens is a hygrophilous species, C. leucophloea has a low adaptability to soil moisture variation, but C. frutex and C. stenophylla have the largest adaptability.

关 键 词：锦鸡儿属 灌木 土壤 生理特性 干湿变化 小气候因子 干旱 生理响应 脯氨酸累积 叶绿素荧光 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] S722.14[农业科学—林木遗传育种]