阿拉善地区不同生境小型兽类群落多样性研究  

Diversity of Small Mammals Communities at Different Habitats in Alashan Region,Inner Mongolia

作　　者：傅和平[1] 武晓东[1] 杨泽龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院,呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《兽类学报》2005年第1期32-38,共7页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 3 0 160 0 19) ;内蒙古自然科学基金资助项目 ( 980 2 0 2 )

摘　　要：本文对内蒙古阿拉善地区不同生境中小型兽类群落的物种组成和多样性进行了初步研究。 1998年 8～ 9月和 1999年 8～ 9月 ,2 0 0 2年 10月 ,在 8种不同生境类型中共布放 5 4个样地 ,2 2 6 0 6个有效铗日 ,捕获小型兽类标本 86 6只 ,分属 2目 6科 ,共 2 0种。多样性分析结果表明 :8种不同生境的小型兽类群落Shannon -Wiener多样性指数在 1 186～ 1 5 89之间 ;Pielou均匀性指数在 0 6 30 9～ 0 86 18之间 ;Simpson生态优势度指数在 0 2 349～0 4 15 7之间 ;Margalef丰富度指数在 0 9318～ 2 0 2 0之间。根据不同生境的小型兽类群落相似性指数聚类结果 ,可以将 8种生境的小型兽类群落大致划分为 4种类型 :耐旱型 (群落Ⅴ和群落Ⅶ )、干旱型 (群落Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ )、农林交错型 (群落Ⅵ和群落Ⅷ )和森林型 (群落Ⅳ )。生境条件的差异对小型兽类群落物种组成和多样性有一定的限制作用 。The diversity and species component of small mammal communities were measured with trap-day method in Alashan region of Inner Mongolia from August to September 1998 and 1999, and in October 2002. The 54 sites were selected in different habitats. The area of the site was 10 hectare in which 400-500 traps were arranged. A total of 866 individuals were captured with 22 606 trap-days during investigation period, and 20 species of small mammals were recorded in the study sites. The results of analysis on diversity of small mammal communities showed that Shannon-Wiener diversity index was 1.186-1.589; Pielou evenness index was 0.630 9-0.861 8; Simpson dominance index was 0.234 9-0.415 7; Margalef richness index was 0.931 8-2.020. Based on similarity indices of the communities, the 8 communities could be clustered together at the level of 0.093 5 with systematic clustering, which could be divided into 4 types as follows: Drought-enduring type including community Ⅴand Ⅶ; Arid type including communityⅠ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ; Ecotone type that was from farmland to forest including community Ⅵ and Ⅷ; and Forest type including community Ⅳ. The diversity and species component of small mammal communities were determined by the difference of habitats and affected by human activities.

关 键 词：小型兽类 群落多样性 类群 物种组成 多样性分析 多样性指数 生境条件 耐旱 林型 生态优势度 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学] Q958