籼稻与热带粳稻渗入系间的分子标记差异性和杂种优势分析  

Studies on heterosis and molecular marker difference between Indica and tropic Japonica introgressed lines

作　　者：廖惠红[1] 李容柏[1] 张向军[1] 杨新庆[2] 韦燕萍[3] 李小勇[2] 邓智年[1] 吕维利[1] 魏源文[1] 李杨瑞[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西农科院广西作物遗传改良生物技术重点开放实验室 [2]广西农科院水稻研究所 [3]广西农科院农业科技情报研究所

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2005年第1期5-10,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西区回国基金课题(0144003)g

摘　　要：利用3个籼稻温敏核雄性不育系与9个热带粳稻基因渗入恢复系组配27个杂交稻组合,对杂种优势和产量构成主要因素与亲本间的SSR和SSR RAPD分子遗传距离的关系进行偏相关分析,筛选强优势杂交稻组合。研究结果表明,在籼稻与热带粳稻渗入系的杂种后代中,多数组合的每穗实粒数、总粒数和穗长呈现正竞争优势;杂种比对照的产量竞争优势主要是依靠每穗结实粒数的增加。在产量构成要素中,每穗实粒数与亲本间的SSR和SSR RAPD分子遗传距离显著相关,而有效穗数和千粒重与之不显著相关,表明在籼稻与热带粳稻渗入系间的杂交稻组合中可以通过增加亲本间的遗传距离增加杂种的每穗粒数,提高杂种的产量优势。通过分子标记辅助选择获得的"桂118S×T511"和"T1S×R138"两个杂交水稻组合示范产量分别比对照特优63增16 3%和6 7%,其亲本间的SSR遗传距离分别为0 83和0 71,亲本间分子多态性分别达到51 4%和42 8%,表明适当应用分子标记辅助选择有助于选育强优势杂交水稻组合。Twenty-seven hybrid combinations were made by use of 3 Indica thermosensitive genic male sterile lines crossed with 9 tropic Japonica introgressed restorer lines.Analysis of Jaccard coefficients between parental SSR and SSR-RAPD molecular geneic distances and heterosis and yield components of the hybrids was performed. Hybrids with strong heterosis were selected for yield test in varietal comparison trial and demonstration fields. Results showed positive standard heterosis with filled and total grain number per panicle and length of panicle in most hybrid progenies derived from Indica thermosensitive genic male sterile lines crossed with tropic Japonica introgressed restorer lines.Among the yield components, filled grain number per panicle significantly but effective panicle number and 1000-seed weight were not significantly correlated with parental SSR and SSR-RAPD molecular genetic distances, indicating that the hybrid filled grains per panicle could be increased by the increase of parental genetic distance for raising yield heterosis of the hybrid combinations. Two hybrid combinations,'Gui 118S × T511' and 'T1S × R138', selected by use of molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) with parental SSR genetic distances 0.83 and 0.71, and molecular marker polymorphisms 51.4 % and 42.8 %, respectively, demonstrated yield increases of 16.3 % and 6.7 %, respectively, as compared with the control, Teyou 63. The present results suggested that use of MAS was helpful to select strong heterosis hybrid combinations.

关 键 词：热带粳稻 分子标记辅助选择 遗传距离 杂种优势 恢复系 温敏核雄性不育系 基因渗入 SSR RAPD 

分 类 号：S511.21[农业科学—作物学] S511.22