小麦生育期的阶段划分和小麦品种的生育类型  

A STUDY ON WHEAT DEVELOPMENTAL PHASES AND DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERNS OF DIFFERENT WHEAT GENOTYPES

作　　者：严威凯[1] 赵向科[1] 王孔歌 刘耀斌 

机构地区：[1]西北农业大学农学系,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》1993年第2期50-56,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

摘　　要：根据对不同麦区适应品种和不同类型早熟大穗材料生育过程的系统观察,将小麦的生育期以单棱、双棱和开花为界划分为4个生育阶段:Ⅰ.播种至单棱;Ⅱ.单棱至双棱;Ⅲ.双棱至开花;Ⅳ.开花至成熟。分析指出,第1阶段持续天数是品种冬春性强弱的重要标志;第1阶段持续天数是形成大穗的关键因素;同时二者与品种的早熟性都密切相关。第Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段的不同组合基本上决定了品种的生育类型;特定的生育类型适应于特定的生态条件,具有特定的冬春性——大穗性——早熟性复合特点。该3个性状之间存在着一种相互依存的三角关系。In a 4-year study on the spike-forming processes and phenological stages of different kinds of wheat genetypes, the whole growing period of wheat has been divided into 4 developmental phases: Ⅰ. from sowing to single-redge; Ⅱ. from single-redge to double redge; Ⅲ. from double-redge to anthesis; and Ⅳ. from anthesis to maturation. Further study reveals that the maturity of wheat is mainly determined by phase Ⅰ , Ⅱ and Ⅳ, while the length of phase Ⅰ serves as an important measure of wheat winterness, and that of phase Ⅱ is closely related to the size of wheat spike. Combination of phase Ⅰ and Ⅱ can accaunt for the distinct ecological adaptation of different wheat genotypes, and a given ecological adaptation type shows a characteristic winterness-spike Size-maturity syndrome.

关 键 词：小麦 生育阶段 生育类型 品种 

分 类 号：S512.101[农业科学—作物学]