新疆三种主要农田土壤尿素氮的损失研究  

STUDY ON LOST WAYS OF UREAL NITROGEN IN XINJIANG THREE MAIN AGRIECLTURAL SOILS

作　　者：毛端明[1] 向敏超[1] 马鄂超[2] 倪克文 张惠文 

机构地区：[1]新彊农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,乌鲁木齐830000 [2]新疆农垦科学院水土所 [3]新疆哈密地区农业处 [4]新疆喀什地区土肥站

出　　处：《西北农业学报》1993年第4期34-38,共5页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

摘　　要：采用^(15)N示踪法研究了北、东、南疆3种主要农田土壤尿素氮的损失,结果表明,1m土层尿素残留率为24.7%～72.8%,平均为41.0%;其残留垂直分布是上多下少。尿素氮在1m土层以下的渗漏损失极小,仅占施入氮量的0.004%～0.5%。尿素氮的挥发损失率为26.8%～70.0%,平均47.1%,顺宁为灌淤土(南疆)>灌耕土(东疆)>灌耕灰漠土(北疆),正好与尿素土壤残留率及渗漏损失率的大小顺序相反。Under the same conditions, N tracing simulated test method is used to study on the loss of ureal nitrogen in three main agricultural soils of north, east and south Xinjiang, the results show that the residual ratio of ureal nitrogen is 24.7%～72.8% within 1 m soil layer when the urea is applied to these three kinds of soils, the average ratio is 44.0%, the residual ureal nitrogen in the upper layer of the soil profile is more than that in the lower layer, but it is changed when soil fertility level, texture and irrigation norm per time are different; the leakage of rueal nitrogen is quite few under 1 m soil layer, it is only occupied 0. 0042%～0.5% of the applying nitrogen, the volatile loss ratio of ureal nitrogen reaches 47.1%, the order (from high to low) is :anthropogenic alluvial soil (south Xinjiang), anthropogenic cultivated soil (east Xinjiang) and anthropogenic cultivated gray desert soil (north Xinjiang), it is just contrast with the residual ratio and the leakage ratio of urea in the soil, it shows that there is a close relation between the volatile loss and the different district climate or the difference of drought degree. The test shows that the volatile loss of ureal nitrogen is serious when the urer is applied to the field in our region, and it is the main lost ways of ureal nitrogen.

关 键 词：新疆 农田 土壤 尿素氮 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]