Crookes光辐射计转动特性研究  

A study on rotational characterization of Crookes radiometer

作　　者：吕章德[1] 

机构地区：[1]绍兴文理学院物理系,浙江绍兴312000

出　　处：《光学仪器》2004年第6期22-27,共6页Optical Instruments

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(60276035);航天支撑技术基金资助项目(2002-HT-ZJDX-08)

摘　　要：应用自制的辐射计,用实验测量的方法较系统地定量地讨论了它的转动宏观特性:辐射计受到光辐射时产生的瞬态启动、稳态和瞬态停止的特性。提出了可以用阶跃函数响应来描述辐射计的瞬态特性;研究了稳态时光辐照功率和稳态转速的关系,真空度与稳态转速的关系,转子叶片尺寸对辐射计最佳转速的影响。并应用气体动力学中蒙特卡罗方法对叶片表面的压力差分布进行了数值计算,解释了辐射计转动速度随叶片尺寸和光照变化的原因。The rotational characterizations of transitory start-up state,steady state and transitory stopping state of Crookes radiometer have been discussed systematically and quantitatively through experiment method using a self-made Crookes radiometer.It is indicated that the transitory state characterizations can be expressed by step function responding of first order differential equation.The relations among the steady state rotational rate,illumination power and vacuum in the vessel are studied.The relation between the optimal rotational rate and the size of rotor blade of Crookes radiometer is also presented.Using direct simulation Monte Carlo method(DSMC),the pressure difference distribution on the surface of blade is given.It can be used to explain the experiment result that the rotational rate varies with the size of rotor blade and the illumination power.

关 键 词：光辐射计 转动特性 阶跃函数响应 蒙特卡罗方法 压力差 

分 类 号：O432[机械工程—光学工程]