中国气象局酸雨网基本资料数据集及初步分析  

DATABASE FROM THE ACID RAIN NETWORK OF CHINAMETEOROLOGICAL ADMINISTRATION AND ITSPRELIMINARY ANALYSES

作　　者：丁国安[1] 徐晓斌[1] 王淑凤[1] 于晓岚[1] 程红兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《应用气象学报》2004年第B12期85-94,共10页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基　　金：国家科技基础条件平台工作项目"气象资料共享系统建设"科技部基础研究项目(TG1999045700)科技部国家公益性研究专项重点项目(2001DIA10009)共同资助。

摘　　要：1989年至今,中国气象局陆续建立起包括88个站点的酸雨监测网,它是我国唯一全国性的、监测区域大气酸沉降的业务站网,覆盖了我国除台湾以外的全部省、市、自治区,目前已积累了包括各站点每场降水的pH值、电导率和部分降水化学等大量资料。所获得的酸雨资料基本反映我国大气背景条件下的湿沉降时空分布特征。十几年来,我国酸雨发展状况大致经历两个阶段:从20世纪80年代到90年代中期为我国酸雨急剧发展期;90年代中后期到21世纪初不同地区降水年平均pH值有升有降,总的趋势是进入相对稳定期,但我国的酸雨形势仍不容乐观。20世纪90年代已获得的降水化学资料包括SO42-、NO3-、Ca2+、NH4+月、季变化,以及H+、SO42-、NO3-、Ca2+、NH4+月、季湿沉降量特征和酸性气体SO2、NO2月、季变化和干沉降特点等。其时空分布特征在大气化学、大气环境、区域气候研究等方面发挥了重要作用,然而仍有必要尽快更新已有的资料。Since 1989, an acid rain network including 88 stations has been established and operated by China Meteorological Administration ( CMA). This network, covering all China' s provinces and autonomous regions except Taiwan, is a unique operational network for monitoring acid deposition under rural and remote atmospheric conditions. A large number of observational data, including pH and conductivity values, major ions and metals concentrations of precipitation samples, were collected from the network. A database was created from the acid rain data between 1989 and 2002. The data reflect basically the characteristics of wet deposition under atmospheric background conditions in China. Based on the data, China's acid rain problem experienced two development stages in last two decades, with the one being the rapid developing and worsening period between the 1980s and the middle of the 1990s, and the other being the relatively stable period between the middle of the 1990s and the beginning of this century. Although no further worsening was seen in recent years, the situation is far from substantial melioration. In the precipitation chemistry database obtained during the 1992-1993 period, monthly and seasonal statistics of SO42-, NO3-, Ca2+ , NH4+ concentrations, monthly and seasonal wet deposition of H+ , SO42- , NO3- , Ca2+ , NH4+ , monthly and seasonal SO2, NO2 concentrations and monthly and seasonal dry deposition of SO2, NO2 are compiled. This database contributed significantly to the research of atmospheric chemistry, atmospheric environment and regional climate. It is highly necessary to renew the precipitation chemistry database in the near future.

关 键 词：酸雨 降水化学 干沉降 酸沉降 大气化学 季变化 SO2 中国气象局 时空分布特征 资料 

分 类 号：X517[环境科学与工程—环境工程]