不同环境温度条件下不同活动强度人体出汗调节机制的探讨  

STUDY ON THE SWEAT REGULATION MECHANISM UNDER DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE CIRCUMSTANCE AND DIFFRENT INTENSIVE EXERCISE

作　　者：邱曼[1] 武建民[1] 常绍勇[1] 宋德[1] 

机构地区：[1]航天医学工程研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《中国应用生理学杂志》2005年第1期90-94,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied Physiology

摘　　要：目的 :探讨人体出汗的调节机制。方法 :在 16℃和 2 1℃两种环境温度下 ,8名受试者进行功率为 2 0W和4 0W、持续 10min和 2 0min的运动 ,测量人体的出汗率、体温、心率、能量代谢率等指标 ,取实验最初的安静状态作为基础值。结果 :环境温度发生变化时 ,平均皮肤温度、直肠温度以及能量代谢率与人体出汗率同方向变化 ;在不同活动强度的上肢运动中 ,胸部皮肤温度、能量代谢率与出汗率的变化方向相同 ;运动功率 2 0W持续不同时间的运动 ,生理指标没有显著差异。但 4 0W运动 2 0min时的平均皮肤温度和出汗率明显高于运动 10min ,其能量代谢率未出现相同的变化 ;胸部运动部位皮肤温度达到出汗阈值和由出汗量推测开始显性出汗在时间上是一致的 ,但运动中直肠温度没有出现与出汗率相同的变化 ;相关性检验的结果表明 :胸部皮温 (P <0 .0 5 )、能量代谢率 (P <0 .0 1)都与出汗率显著相关 ,后者与出汗率的相关性强于前者。将能量代谢率与出汗率进行指数函数的拟合 ,得到二者的关系方程。结论 :运动部位皮肤温度与人体出汗机制的启动关系紧密。出汗率预测模型的建立从代谢产热水平和环境温度方面考虑更为合理 ,也更方便实际使用。Aim: To investigate the sweat regulation mechanism of human body. Methods: Arm muscular work was performed on bicycle ergometer by eight healthy male subjects on 20 W and 40 W work loads lasting 10 min or 20 min in 16℃ and 21℃ ambient temperature. Sweat, metabolic rate and corresponding skin and core temperature changes were measured during different periods. Results: Sweat varied directly with ambient temperature and there were the corresponding changes in mean skin temperature, rectal temperature and metabolic rate. And when the work load was elevated, the skin temperature at chest and metabolic rate increased as sweat increased. There were no differences in the physiological indices between 20 W 20 min and 20 W 10 min, but mean skin temperature and sweat rate during 40 W 20 min work were higher than 40 W 10 min while metabolic rate did not change. The time when chest temperature arrived at the threshold was in correspondence with obvious sweat onset. Both local skin temperature at chest and metabolic rate were significantly correlated with sweat, but the latter was stronger. The regression equation relating metabolic rate and sweat rate was compound function. Conclusion: Skin temperature was important for sweat onset, and the sweat predicted model based on the metabolic rate or ambient temperature was more suitable and practical.

关 键 词：出汗 皮肤温度 人体 能量代谢 运动 胸部 活动强度 方向 安静状态 方程 

分 类 号：R161[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] R167