黑河流域土地利用变化的影响因素——以张掖地区为例  

Driving Factors of Land Use Change in the Heihe River: Case Study of Zhangye Prefecture

作　　者：常娟[1] 王根绪[1] 王一博[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学资源环境学院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2005年第1期117-123,共7页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40171002)资助

摘　　要：在内陆干旱地区, 土地利用结构的合理与否对区域生态环境和经济建设具有直接制约作用.对张掖地区主要土地利用类型耕地、林地、草地、荒漠化土地变化影响因素关系进行了分析研究. 结果显示: 自然因素是制约土地利用水平和结构的最基本的因素, 人为因素对现代土地利用变化的驱动作用则更为显著. 耕地面积的增加主要与水资源开发利用率的提高有直接的关系, 人口增长对耕地面积增加有间接促进作用. 从建国初期到现今本区人口增加了 2 29 倍, 而耕地面积也从 9\^7×104 hm2 增加到了18 6×104 hm2. 耕地面积减少则主要与人为不合理利用引起的土地荒漠化有关. 在林地的变化中, 自然条件限制着森林的发展, 人为因素对林地变化的驱动作用大于自然因素的影响; 草地面积减少主要是人为超载放牧和破坏以及人类过度开垦农田的结果, 20世纪90年代后期比80年代初期草地面积减少了62 4%. 同时, 荒漠化土地面积也在不断的增长. 在土地生态规律的基础上, 进行科学管理, 人为力量将成为优化干旱地区土地利用结构和提高生产力的重要驱动力.In the arid regions of Northwest China, regional eco-environment and economic construction are controlled and limited by the rationality of land use structure. Taking Zhangye Prefecture in the Heihe River basin as an example, this paper analyzes the changes in main land use types, including cultivated land, woodland, grassland, lands in desertification and their effect forces. The results show that the land use change is controlled basically by physical conditions, and significantly affected by human activity. The increase in cultivated land is directly related to rising in utilization ratio of water resources, and the increase in population is also one of the main causes for cultivated land augment. The cultivated land decrease is mainly related to land desertification caused by irrational human activity. Although woodland change is also limited by physical conditions, the function of human factor is more important than physical effects. The cause of grassland decrease is overgrazing and irrational human activity. Based on the analyses, a suggestion for the principles guiding rational land use structure in the prefecture is put forward in the paper.

关 键 词：黑河流域 土地利用 驱动因素 张掖地区 

分 类 号：P461.8[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]