一次冰雹云演变过程的卫星遥感监测与分析  

Analysis and Satellite Monitor of A Developing Process of Hail Cloud

作　　者：张杰[1] 李文莉[2] 康凤琴[1] 渠永兴[1] 孙旭映[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,甘肃兰州730020 [2]甘肃省气象局兰州中心气象台,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《高原气象》2004年第6期758-763,共6页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：科技部社会公益研究专项"西北地区人工防雹消雹技术"项目(2002DIB10046)资助

摘　　要：针对2003年9月21日的一次区域性冰雹云强对流天气过程,结合天气实况、环流场特征和雷达资料,利用NOAA卫星数据,从天气分析、能量转换以及云在可见光、中红外波段的反射特性,分析了冰雹云的演变及特征。结果表明,伴随着大气能量的转换,当日青海湖以北的对流冷云单体在东移过程中,结合了西南部暖舌带来的暖湿气流,午后受地面增温出现了爆发性发展。(1)17:00云团发展最旺盛,云顶温度最低值达到-44℃,并确定冰雹发生的云顶温度临界值为-39.2℃,云顶亮温为221K;(2)冰雹云温度水平梯度介于20～35℃/50km之间,表现为有雹无灾的冰雹强度特征;(3)卫星数据表明,此时雹云与其它云团不同,具有粒子有效半径较大,气溶胶光学厚度也大的特点。Weather process, energy conversion and reflectance character of a hail cloud in visible and middle infrared bands are analyzed by using the satellite, radar and some observed data including surface and upper air, aiming at a convection process of regional hail generanting on September 21, 2003. The result showed that, accompanying the exchange of atmospheric energy, the convective cool cloud cells in areas of Lake Qinghai to the east move toward the precess of east to combined warm clouds brought by the warm tongue in westsouth of Qinghaihu on the same day, which formed hail and rainstorm weather. The reason is that there are a instability atmosphere layer and effect of surface heated. 1 The cloud developed peak at 17:00, at that time, the lowest temperature of cloud top is -44℃, critical temperature of hail generant is -39.2℃, critical bright-temperature is 221K. (2) Horizontal gradient of temperature of hail cloud is between 20～35℃/50km, it means that character of hail intensity is with hail and without disaster. 3 The effective radius of cloud particle is larger and optical thickness of aerosol is large, which were reflected by CH1 and CH3 reflectance.

关 键 词：冰雹云 云顶温度 云团 暖湿气流 环流场 冷云 大气能量 增温 天气 利用 

分 类 号：P458[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P426