史学理论结构的非平衡发展——西方和古代中国的比较  

Non - Equilibrium Development in the Structure of History Theory:The Comparison Between the West and Ancient China

作　　者：徐浩[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史系 [2]邮政编码:100872

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2005年第1期21-30,共10页Historiography Bimonthly

摘　　要：20世纪以前,中国古代与西方各有自己独立发展的史学理论。但由于历史环 境的差异,双方史学理论结构的发展呈现明显的非平衡性。即在共时性结构上,西方史学理 论独立自主地形成了完整的内容体系,中国古代史学理论侧重本体论与方法论而忽视认识 论。在历时性结构上,随着近现代科学的发展,西方史学理论的研究重心经历了从本体论向 认识论、方法论的转移,并极大地推动了历史研究的发展;而由于近代科学的缺位,中国没有 经历上述变化,从而在很大程度上制约了历史学近代化(职业化和科学化)的进程。现当代 西方史学研究的实践证明,中观史学理论是历史学发展的重要推动力。Before the twenty century there were respectively independent historiographies in ancient China and the West. As the different historical environment the developments of these histori-ographical theories had distinct Non - equilibrium characters. Namely on the transverse structure the western historiographical theory came into being an independent integrated system, meanwhile only ontology and methodology instead of epistemology were regarded in ancient China. On the diachronic structure the western historiographical theory transferred from ontology into epistemology and methodology, and promoted greatly the progress of history studies. Owing to the absence of modern science there were no such changes above in ancient China, which blocked to a great extent the development of history study. The practice of the modern history studies in the West indicates that an important mover for the progress in the field is his-toriographic theory of middle- range.

关 键 词：史学理论 西方史学 历史学 中国古代史学 历史研究 经历 近代化 本体论 认识论 大地 

分 类 号：K09[历史地理—历史学]