德兴铜矿尾矿库植被重建后的土壤肥力状况和重金属污染初探  

CHANGES IN SOIL FERTILITY AND EXTRACTABLE HEAVY METALS IN DEXING COPPER MINE TAILING POOL AFTER REVEGETATION

作　　者：陈怀满[1] 郑春荣[1] 周东美[1] 涂从[1] 高林[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085

出　　处：《土壤学报》2005年第1期29-36,共8页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"九五"重点科技攻关项目(96-920-13-03);863计划(2001AA645010 2)资助

摘　　要：德兴铜矿是我国的超大型铜矿,尾矿砂的排放是其主要的环境问题之一,目前主要堆积于尾矿库中。1号尾矿库于1986年服役期满后共堆积矿砂2.15×107 m3,面积约210 hm2。20世纪90年代后期,在坝坡约30 hm2覆有客土的地区进行了一系列植被重建的试验研究工作,本文报道了1998年开始在旱稻(OryzaLinn.)、花生(Arachis Linn.)、香根草(Vetiveria zizanioidesNash)和湿地松(Pinuselliottii Engelm.)等18种不同植被组合条件下的土壤基本农化性状(pH、有机质(OM)、铵态氮、速效P、速效K)以及0.05 mol L-1 HCl可提取态重金属在3~4年时间内的变化情况,结果表明,坝坡土壤N、P、K严重不足,且保水、保肥能力弱,需要不断地进行培肥和改良。三年多来,土壤pH总体上无显著变化;OM第三年有显著上升,约为第一年的127%;NH4+ N成直线下降,第二年和第三年分别为第一年的72.9%和43.0%;随着耕作实践的推移,速效P和速效K显著上升,但仍旧处于较低水平。重金属(主要是Cu)污染严重,Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd在植物中有明显积累。研究结果强调了试验区在植被重建中不宜种植食用植物,以避免食物链的污染。The Dexing Copper Mine is a super-scaled copper mine in China. Release of large amounts of tailings is one of its main environmental problems. The tailings are stored in several tailing pools and No. 1 tailing pool has in storage about (2.15)×10^(7) m^(3) of tailings covering an area of 210 hm^(2) after running out of service in 1986. Beginning from the late 1990s, a series of experiments were performed on revegetation of a part of the mine tailing pool, dam slope, 30 hm^(2) in acreage, which was covered with guest soil. Changes in basic agrochemical properties of the soil and extractable heavy metals (by 0.05 mol L^(-1) HCl) under different vegetations, e.g. upland rice (Oryza Linn.), peanut (Arachis Linn.), vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides Nash) and slash pine (Pinuselliottii Engelm.)were determined during the experiment period of 3-4 years. The results indicated that the soil was very low in nutrients N, P and K and in nutrient loading capacity as well. It is therefore necessary to build up soil fertility continuously. Soil pH did not show much change, soil OM increased significantly but soil NH_4^+-N decreased with the time. Though soil available P and K obviously increased, they were still at a low level. Soil heavy metal pollution, especially with Cu, was very serious. Moreover, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd accumulated in the plants and exceeded the criteria of the food hygiene standards in some food crops and vegetables. The results indicate that for revegetation of the tailing pool, it is not advisable to grow food crops lest contamination should be spread through food chain.

关 键 词：植被重建 速效K 土壤肥力 土壤pH 客土 保肥 培肥 重金属污染 NH4^+-N 环境问题 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学] S157[农业科学—农业基础科学]