江苏蔬菜产地土壤重金属污染现状调查与评价  

Heavy metal pollution survey of vegetable soil in Jiangsu Province and the countermeasures.

作　　者：许学宏[1] 纪从亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农产品质量检验测试中心,江苏南京210036

出　　处：《农村生态环境》2005年第1期35-37,43,共4页Rural Eco-Environment

基　　金：江苏省政府"江苏省农产品清洁生产创新研究与实施"项目(2002-1-1)

摘　　要：江苏苏南、苏中、苏北蔬菜产地土壤Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr含量的检测结果表明,该省蔬菜地土壤5种重金属平均含量除Cd略高于20世纪80年代背景值外,其他4种均未超出,总体质量较好,然而各检测点间差异较大,特别是苏南部分地区污染较重,且部分点Cd、Hg、As远超过国家无公害蔬菜产地环境标准值(GB/T18407.1—2001),表明苏南部分产地已不适宜生产无公害蔬菜。以GB/T18407.1—2001为评价标准,采用Nemerow指数法进行评价,全省土壤重金属平均综合污染指数为0.54,属1级安全。苏北、苏中、苏南分别为0.30、0.29、1.20,即苏南为3级土,属轻污染,苏北、苏中为1级土,属安全。苏中、苏北明显好于苏南。全省有15%蔬菜地土壤已受不同程度重金属污染,主要分布在苏南,且Cd、Hg分担率较高。Determination of heavy metal (Cd,Hg,As,Pb,Cr)contamination of vegetable soils in south,north and central Jiangsu Province (SJ,NJ,CJ for short) shows all heavy metals remained below the criteria and on the whole were good in quality, except Cd, which was slightly higher than its background value in the 1980s. But sharp differences existed between sampling points. Heavy metal pollution was more serious in some areas in SJ and some sampling sites were much higher than the national environment standard for hazard-free vegetable fields (GB/T 18407.1-2001) in Cd,Hg and As,suggesting that these areas are no longer fit for production of hazard-free vegetable.With GB/T 18407.1-2001 as basis for evaluation and by using the Nemerow index method,the mean integrated heavy metal pollution index of the soils of the province was 0.54,in Safety Grade 1,and of the soils in NJ,CJ and SJ was (0.30),0.29 and 1.20,respectively,suggesting that the soils in SJ was in Safety Grade 3,slightly polluted,and the soils in NJ and CJ in Safety Grade 1,safe for cultivation.Obviously,the soils in CJ and NJ were better than in SJ in soil quality.About 15% of the vegetable soils were polluted with heavy metals and mainly distributed in SJ.Cd and Hg were the major pollution contributors.

关 键 词：蔬菜 土壤 重金属 污染 评价 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X592