中国四种小型鸟类代谢产热的气候适应(英文)  

Climatic adaptations in metabolism of four species of small birds in China

作　　者：柳劲松[1] 王德华[2] 孙儒泳[3] 

机构地区：[1]温州师范学院生物与环境科学系,温州325027 [2]中国科学院动物研究所,农业虫害鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室,北京100080 [3]北京师范大学生命科学学院,生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《动物学报》2005年第1期24-30,共7页ACTA ZOOLOGICA SINICA

摘　　要：采用封闭式流体压力呼吸计 ,分别在 5 - 35°C、 10 - 30°C和 10 - 35°C的环境温度范围内测定了黄眉(Emberizachrysophrys)、红胁绣眼鸟 (Zosteropserythropleura)、画眉 (Garrulaxcanorus)和红嘴相思鸟 (Leio thrixlutea)的耗氧量、热传导、体温等指标 ,探讨了其代谢产热特征。黄眉、红胁绣眼鸟、画眉和红嘴相思鸟的热中性区分别为 2 5 - 30°C、 2 5 - 2 7 5°C、 2 2 5 - 2 7 5°C和 30 - 32 5°C。在 5 - 30°C的温度范围内 ,黄眉和画眉能保持稳定的体温 ,分别为 4 0 5 8± 0 2 6°C和 4 1 6 8± 0 11°C ;红胁绣眼鸟和红嘴相思鸟的体温随环境温度的降低有下降的趋势。在热中性区内 ,黄眉、红胁绣眼鸟、画眉和红嘴相思鸟的平均基础代谢率分别是3 6 5± 0 14、 4 6 9± 0 2 7、 3 5 5± 0 14和 4 2 4± 0 17mlO2 / (g·h) ,分别是体重预期值的 12 8%、 2 30 %、 6 0 %和 12 0 %。在下临界温度以下 ,黄眉、红胁绣眼鸟、画眉和红嘴相思鸟的最小热传导分别是 0 2 4、 0 31、 0 2 1和 0 34mlO2 / (g·h·°C) ,分别是体重预期值的 14 9%、 14 9%、 2 15 %和 2 4 3%。这些小型鸟类的生理生态学特征是 :(1)黄眉和红胁绣眼鸟有高的基础代谢率和相对低的下临界温度 。To understand metabolic adaptations,the basal metabolic rate(BMR) of four small birds in China were investigated.Metabolic rate,body temperature and thermal conductance were determined in yellow-browed bunting Emberiza chrysophrys at a temperature range of 5-35 °C,chestnut-flanked white-eye Zosterops erythropleura and hwamei Garrulax canorus at 10-30 °C,and red-billed leiothrix Leiothrix lutea at 10-35 °C.Oxygen consumption was measured by using a closed circuit respirometer.The thermal neutral zone was 25-30 °C for yellow-browed bunting,25-27.5 °C for chestnut-flanked white-eye,22.5-27.5 °C for hwamei,and 30-32.5 °C for red-billed leiothrix.With a temperature range of 5-30 °C,buntings and hwameis could maintain stable body temperatures (T_b) at a mean of 40.58±0.26 °C and 41.68±0.11 °C,respectively,and T_b's in white-eyes and leiothrixs tended to decrease with declining ambient temperature.Mean basal metabolic rates within thermal neutral zone were 3.65±0.14 ml O_2/(g·h) for buntings,4.69±0.27 ml O_2/(g·h) for white-eyes,3.55±0.14 ml O_2/(g·h) for hwameis,and 4.24±0.17 ml O_2/(g·h) for leiothrix,which are 128%,230%,60% and 120% of the expected value based on their body mass,respectively.Thermal conductance of yellow-browed bunting,chestnut-flanked white-eye,hwamei and red-billed leiothrix were 0.24,0.31,0.21 and 0.34 ml O_2/(g·h· °C),respectively,below the lower critical temperature,which were 149%,149%,215%,and 243% of the expected value based on their body mass,respectively.The ecophysiological characteristics of these species were: (1)yellow-browed bunting and chestnut-flanked white-eye had high basal metabolic rates and relatively low lower critical temperatures;these were typical characteristics of adaptations to cold;the two species also showed a relatively higher thermal conductance;this could expand its geographic distribution;(2)hwamei had very low basal metabolic rate and high thermal conductance;because this species feeds mainly on insects,these physiological traits

关 键 词：相思鸟 画眉 鸟类 基础代谢率 产热 生理生态学 动物学 体温 狭窄 体重 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]