基于中日比较的人口城市化对耕地影响机制研究  

Mechanism of Population Urbanization Influence on Cultivated Land Changes:A Comparative Study Between Japan and China

作　　者：张军岩[1] 贾绍凤[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2005年第1期26-31,共6页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新重大方向项目 (KZCX -SW -3 17)

摘　　要：人口城市化是对耕地变动产生复合影响的一个过程。人口由农村向城市的转移是城市土地扩张的基本动力 ,这对耕地形成了占用的直接影响 ,我国人口城市化对耕地减少的直接影响度约在 5 %～ 10 %之间。人口城市化对耕地的间接影响通过城市人均用地比农村少 ,土地利用集约度高 ,可以间接减少耕地占用 ;同时农村人口的减少 ,可以推动村镇合并 ,整理土地 ,增加耕地等途径来实现。因此 ,人口城市化对耕地存在积极的间接影响。人口城市化过程对耕地变动的复合影响结果是积极的还是消极的 ,将取决于一是城市化发展状态 ,即与工业化发展是否同步 ;二是村镇合并集中是否及时到位。为此 。Population urbanization influences cultivated land both directly and indirectly,the mechanism of which is complex.In the direct way, population urbanization makes cities expand while cultivated land is occupied. According to the calculation through statistic data, the contribution of urbanization to the decrease of cultivated land was about 5%～10% in the past 17 years in China. In the indirect way, due to the different development states of urbanization, cultivated land is influenced by urbanization in different mechanisms. In Japan, urbanization developed in step with industrialization, and therefore population could be transferred from villages to cities and towns in time. At the same time, construction land emptied in rural regions was transformed to cultivated land through villages and towns concentration. Therefore, population urbanization in Japan has a positive influence on cultivated land changes. In China, because urbanization lagged behind industrialization, agriculture laborers couldn't be transferred from villages to cities and towns in time and had to find non-farming jobs still in the villages so that more cultivated land was used to establish small enterprises. Therefore, population urbanization in China has a negative influence on cultivated land changes. Using Japanese experience for reference, expediting urbanization progress and villages concentration is the main task in future in China.

关 键 词：影响机制 耕地 人口城市化 比较 中国 日本 

分 类 号：F062.1[经济管理—政治经济学] F290