神农架米心水青冈-曼青冈群落的地形异质性及其生态影响  

The topography heterogeneity of Fagus engleriana-Cyclobalanopsis oxyodon community in Shennongjia region

作　　者：张谧[1] 熊高明[1] 陈志刚[1] 樊大勇[1] 谢宗强1 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所植被数量生态学重点实验室

出　　处：《生态学报》2004年第12期2686-2692,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新课题资助项目 ( KSCX2 -SW-10 9) ;国务院三峡建设委员会课题资助项目 ( SX2 0 0 1-0 2 5 ;SX2 0 0 1-0 0 3)~~

摘　　要：地貌单元和地形的局部变化严重制约着光照、温度、水分甚至土壤资源的再分配 ,从而对植被的分布产生影响。以永久性监测样地为基础 ,利用数字高程模型模拟 0 .96 hm2样地的地形表面 ,在地理信息系统的支持下分析了米心水青冈 -曼青冈群落的地形异质性状况 ,并结合群落调查的结果探讨了地形因素对群落组成的影响。结果表明研究范围内样方的平均坡度在 18.2～ 74 .6°之间。坡向可以分为南坡、西南坡及东南坡 3部分 ,坡度及坡向差异显著。对坡度、坡向等地形因素及群落的物种组成进行半方差分析 ,发现三者的空间异质性尺度分别为 2 85 .8m,2 80 .5 m及 6 .1m。地形因素的变化尺度远大于植被组成的变化 ,说明小尺度下地形因素不是影响群落内种群分布格局的唯一因素。坡度和坡向因子的块金值分别为 2 1.8及 4 98.0 ,说明两者在小尺度下的某些过程不能忽视。植物与地形因素的相关分析表明不同的种对地形的适应性不同 ,群落中的 2 4种主要植物可以分为 4个生态种组。因此 ,群落的物种组成变化受到多种因素的影响 ,这种影响可以在地形变化中得到反映。Micro-site heterogeneity was one of the important mechanisms of maintaining species diversity in plant community. Topography as a source of heterogeneity did not receive enough attention. In this paper, a terrain surface of 0.96 hm^2. was simulated using Data Elevation Model (DEM) to analysis how landform influences community structure in small scale.The research site was located in Shengnongjia area of Hubei Province (31°19′4″N, 110°29′44″E). This area is at transitional zone from middle to northern subtropics, and was one of biodiversity hotspots of China. A permanent forest plot was established in 2001, which was dominated by Fagus engleriana and Cyclobalanopsis oxyodon. Based on plot marks, topographic data were collected from 425 sample points. A DEM was built using interpolation method, and its precision was 0.4m in elevation. The slope and aspect driven from DEM showed strong heterogeneity. The slope varied from 18.2° to 74.6°, with aspects varied from south, to southwest and southeast. Semivariance analysis was used to measure the heterogeneity scale. The range and nugget variance of semivariograms of slope and aspect were 285.8, 280.5, 21.8, and 498, respectively. The high value of nugget variance indicated that the influence of topographic in the small scale could not be ignorant. The heterogeneity scale of the species composition was 6.10.Twenty four species were chosen to calculate correlation coefficient between slope, aspect and position. The topographic adaptation of these species was different, for example Fagus engleriana was positively associated with slope, and Sorbus alnifolia was positively associated with aspect and so on. According to their respect to topography, these species were classified into six groups using hierarchical cluster analysis. The variance scale of species was different strongly from that of topographic factors. This indicated that the topography was not the only factor influencing species distribution in the community. Seed distributions, inter-species and in

关 键 词：地形因素 神农架 米心水青冈 异质性 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]