青藏高原生态系统服务功能的价值评估  

Ecosystem diversity and economic valuation of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

作　　者：鲁春霞[1] 谢高地[1] 肖玉[1] 于云江[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]北京师范大学资源科学研究院,北京100875

出　　处：《生态学报》2004年第12期2749-2755,i021,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学重点基金资助项目 ( 3 0 2 3 0 0 90 )~~

摘　　要：青藏高原具有丰富多样的生态系统类型 ,这些生态系统不仅生产了大量的产品 ,而且提供了巨大的生态服务功能。根据计算表明 ,高原生态系统 2 0 0 0年生产的产品经济价值为 170× 10 8元。生态服务功能中年固碳总量为 15× 10 8t,释放氧气量为11× 10 8t。根据二氧化碳固定量和氧气释放量估算的调节大气的服务价值总计为 10 0 15× 10 8元。以高寒草甸和高寒草原为主的草地生态系统具有重要的水源涵养功能 ,每年高原生态系统的水源涵养量达 2 6 12× 10 8m3,其经济价值为 174 4× 10 8元。森林的净化功能价值大约为 2 5 5× 10 8元。高原生态系统产品的经济价值与生态服务功能价值的比值为 1:70 ,显然 ,高原生态系统的生态服务价值远远高于直接使用价值。因此 。There is a high biodiversity of ecosystem types in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which provide not only a various of ecological function but also many ecological services. This paper estimated the monetary value of ecosystem diversity and their. The results show that economic output is some 170×10~8 yuan(RMB). Compared with this figure the carbon dioxide fixation and oxygen release for atmosphere regulation are about 15.39×10~8 t·a^(-1) and 11.18×10~8t a^(-1) respectively and their economic value exceed 10015×10~8 yuan (RMB). The ecosystems especially alpine grassland system plays an important role for water holding. Annual water holding reached to 2600×10~8 m^3 and its economic value was equal to 1750×10~8 yuan (RMB). Air purification services of forest was about 255×10~8 yuan (RMB). The ratio of product economic value to ecological services value is 1∶70. The data proves that the economic value of ecological services is much higher than direct use value and therefore, the protection of ecosystem diversity will be the base for maintaining life-supporting system of Tibetan Plateau.

关 键 词：生态系统多样性 经济价值评估 青藏高原 

分 类 号：Q14[生物学—生态学]