长期不同施肥下太湖地区黄泥土表土微生物碳氮量及基因多样性变化  

Influence of long-term fertilizer management on topsoil microbial biomass and genetic diversity of a paddy soil from the Tai Lake region, China

作　　者：张平究[1] 李恋卿[1] 潘根兴[1] 张俊伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所,南京210095

出　　处：《生态学报》2004年第12期2818-2824,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目 ( 4 0 2 3 10 16) ;西部生态环境计划资助项目 ( 90 2 0 2 0 17)~~

摘　　要：农业管理措施影响下土壤微生物群落结构的变化是农业土壤质量研究的前沿问题。运用化学分析方法和 PCR- DGGE技术从土壤微生物碳氮量及基因多样性角度研究了长期不同施肥措施下太湖地区代表性水稻土 -黄泥土的表土微生物活性与分子多样性的变化。结果表明 ,施用化肥以及化肥和有机肥配施在提高土壤有机碳含量的同时 ,不仅提高了水稻土的微生物碳氮量 ,而且改变了微生物的群落结构 ;与长期单施化肥相比 ,长期化肥配施有机肥不仅显著提高了土壤微生物碳氮量 ,而且提高了土壤微生物的分子多样性 ;就土壤的微生物分子群落相似性来说 ,单施化肥下与未施肥下相近 ,而化肥配施秸秆下与化肥配施猪粪下接近 ,说明土壤的有机培肥对土壤微生物群落结构有重要影响。长期单施化肥下水稻产量的年际波动性显著大于化肥配施有机肥下 ,这进一步佐证了化肥配施有机肥显著促进了水稻土的生态系统初级生产力与较高的土壤生态系统稳定性。应用PCR- DGGE技术所揭示的微生物分子群落结构特点可以指示水稻土 10Study of influence of intensive agriculture on soil microbial community is one of the modern frontiers of soil quality research. Soil microbial diversity has been shown as a definite indicator of appreciable soil quality and sustainable primary production in organic farming (Mader,et al,2002). Paddy soils are generally considered as a unique anthropogenic type of soils in China that have been subject to intensive farming with high input managements for the last decades. However, there has been poor knowledge on soil microbial structure and activity changes of these soils under different managements. Here the authors report a study on biomass carbon and nitrogen (SMBC and SMBN) and genetic diversities of soil microbes of Hangnitu, a typical paddy soil, from a long-term field experiment site in the Tai Lake region, China by fumigation-digestion and PCR-DGGE analysis respectively. Rice yield in this soil can be generally as high as 9 t/hm^2 under appropriate fertilizer application and routine agronomy practices The studied soil is located in Wujiang county, Jiangsu Province, China and had been cultivated under rice-rape rotation and treated with different fertilizer applications continuously since 1987. The treatments are as follows: no fertilizer application (NF); chemical fertilizer only(CF); chemical fertilizer plus rice straw return (CSF) and chemical fertilizer plus pig manure (CMF). The amount of chemical fertilizer per year is N as urea 28.5 kg/hm^2, P_2O_5 as super phosphate 3.0kg/hm^2, KCl 5.6 kg/hm^2 and that of rice straw return is 300 kg FW/hm^2 and of manure 1120 kgFW/hm^2 respectively. The soil samples were collected from the top 0～5cm and stored in a frozen refrigerator prior to analysis. The SMBC and SMBN were determined by CH_3Cl fumigation-K_2SO_4 extraction followed by wet digestion for measurement of C and Kjeldahl digestion method for measurement of N. The microbial genes were extracted with Fast DNA^(○R) Kit for Soil (Q. BIOgene, USA) and PCR was done with primer pair F338-GC and R

关 键 词：DGGE 微生物基因多样性 施肥措施 微生物量 水稻土 土壤生物质量 生态系统稳定性 

分 类 号：S154.36[农业科学—土壤学]