复合生态系统动态足迹分析  

Analysis of complex ecosystem dynamic ecological footprint (ecological historical records)

作　　者：王健民[1] 王伟[1] 张毅[1] 胡梦春[1] 唐晓燕[1] 陈敏[2] 

机构地区：[1]国家环境保护总局南京环境科学研究所,南京210042 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085

出　　处：《生态学报》2004年第12期2920-2926,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程方向性资助项目 ( KZCX3 -SW-4 2 4)~~

摘　　要：由 Rees W E.于 1992年提出、由 Wackernagel M.于 1996年完善的生态占用 (生态足迹 )原理与方法 ,其主要成果是评价出全球 5 2个有代表性的国家和地区的生态占用盈亏情况 ,进一步得出全球人均生态占用阈值为 1.74 hm2 (量纲 ,下同 )、基准值为 2 .0 hm2 ,而人均实际生态占用为 2 .4 hm2 ,人均生态赤字达 0 .4 hm2 以上 ,评价结果表明全球生态环境进入了危机阶段 ,因此具有重要的预警战略意义。但是该方法也存在一些不足之处 ,如 :(1)主要是反映自然生态系统承载力 ,未能全面反映出社会经济反馈力 (人力、物资、资金、管理等方面的投入效用 ) ,尤其是忽略了现代科学技术在提高复合生态系统承载力方面的巨大作用和贡献 ;(2 )将各生态类型加权抽象化后所得到的等量化综合指标 ,难于反映复合生态系统要素与要素间的复杂变化规律 ;(3)最初创建的方法未反映动态变化情况 :(4 )新开发的 4种时间序列的方法 ,仍不能反映复合生态要素间生动地相关关系。针对以上主要缺陷 ,旨在将复合生态系统进行要素分解 ,进行要素与时间相关分析及要素间动态相关分析。将社会经济冲击力、自然生态环境资源承载力及社会经济科学技术反馈力三者相结合进行分析综合性研究的基础上 ,于 2 0 0 2年创建了复合生态系统动态足迹 (生态?The principle and method of ecological footprint was proposed by W E Rees in 1992 and promoted by M Wackernagel in 1996. Ecological footprint method was applied in 52 representative countries and regions and the calculating results showed whether one country was in the state of ecological deficit or in the state of ecological remainder. The average ecological footprint threshold of the world was 1.74hm^2 per person, the norm ecological footprint was 2.0 hm^2 per person, the actual average ecological footprint was 2.4 hm^2 per person, the ecological deficit was over 0.4 hm^2 per person. These results indicated the global ecological environment has been in the state of crisis, thus had important significance to be warned early.However, the traditional method had also some shortcomings, for example: (1) it mainly reflected the natural ecosystem capacity, but did not reflect the social and economical feedback capacity (such as the effect of human resources, material, capital and management), especially the great contribution of the modern science and technology to increase the complex ecosystem biocapacity; (2) it summed the area of each land use which had been transformed with the yield factor and equivalence factor, but the final area index can't indicate the complicated relationship between the factors of the ecosystem; (3) the original method was not able to show the dynamic changes; (4) the four newly developed methods were based on the time series, but were also not able to show the relationship between the factors of the ecosystem.Owing to the withdraws of the traditional ecological footprint method above, we developed a new method which divided the complex ecosystem into factors to analyze how each factor changed according to time and analyze the dynamic relationship between the factors. We integrated the social and economical impact, natural eco-environmental biocapacity and scientific and technological feedback capacity together to do the research more comprehensively, and developed the principle, method an

关 键 词：复合生态系统 生态足迹 生态史迹 

分 类 号：Q148[生物学—生态学]