近20年中国南极科学考察的气象业务进展  

Progress on Operational Meteorology in Chinese Antarctic Expedition for Recent Two Decades

作　　者：陆龙骅[1] 卞林根[1] 逯昌贵[1] 何熙雯[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《气象》2005年第1期3-8,共6页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：中国南极科学考察的气象业务先后受中国气象局气象科学基金;气象业务专项;国家海洋局极地考察办公室业务维持补助经费支持;中国气象科学研究院极地气象研究室承担的国家科技攻关;社会公益研究专项(8590502;98927;2001DIA50040);国家自然科学基金(4880208;4997

摘　　要：近 2 0年来 ,中国南极科学考察的气象业务取得了长足进展。 1 985年在南极半岛建立了中国长城气象站 ;1 989年在南极大陆建成了中国中山气象台 ;2 0 0 1年与澳大利亚南极局合作在距中山站 1 6 0km的南极冰盖上安置了LGB 6 9自动气象站(AWS)。在长城和中山两站开展了常规地面气象观测、站区天气预报服务、气象卫星高分辨率图像传输资料 (HRPT)接收等业务 ;在中山站进行Brewer大气臭氧和紫外辐射 (UV B)等要素的观测 ;在赴南极考察的航渡期间进行气象观测和预报服务。南极常规气象业务已为研究南极在全球气候变化中的作用积累了丰富资料 ,为航渡和站区考察项目的实施提供的气象服务保障 ,为我国南极科学考察和研究事业作出了重要贡献。进一步提高南极气象业务水平 ,拓展气象业务和大气科学考察研究领域 ,是今后极地大气科学考察和研究的重要任务。The significant Progress of Chinese Antarctic operational meteorology has been made with the development Antarctic expeditions for the recent two decades. Two permanent stations in Antarctic area were established and named as the “Great Wall” and “Zhongshan”, respectively. The former has been operating since 1984 and the latter since 1989. The automatic weather station (LGB-69) was installed cooperated with Australian Antarctic Division in 2001, which is located on an ice sheet and far 160km from Zhongshan. A series of operational observations, including surface meteorology, real-time and site weather forecasting with high-resolution satellite data and atmospheric ozone and UV-B are carried out. Meteorology observations were made, and services of forecast were also conducted on the expedition vessel. Antarctic meteorology operation provided the original data for Antarctic study and meteorology service for Antarctic navigation and expedition. Therefore, it is a very important task for us to further improve operational meteorology of Antarctic expedition.

关 键 词：气象业务 南极冰盖 大气科学 中山站 科学考察 南极大陆 地面气象观测 长城 重要任务 拓展 

分 类 号：P941.61[天文地球—自然地理学] P415.12