施肥及种植作物对汞污染土壤中微生物生态的修复  

Ecological remediation of microflora in mercury polluted soil

作　　者：李梅[1] 侯彦林[1] 皮广洁[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [2]西南农业大学资源与环境学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《生态环境》2004年第4期560-564,共5页Ecology and Environmnet

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40071053)

摘　　要：以中性紫色土为材料,通过向土壤添加氯化汞的模拟培养试验、施肥试验以及作物栽培试验,研究了汞对土壤中微生物区系和重要微生物生理群繁育的毒害效应。结果表明,向土壤中添加HgCl2,总体上抑制了细菌、真菌、放线菌及氨化细菌的繁育,硝化细菌、自生固氮菌、纤维素降解菌在一定质量分数范围内被汞刺激增长,在另一定质量分数段则被汞抑制。施肥和栽种作物削弱了汞对微生物的毒害,使土壤微生物生态得到一定程度的修复,说明利用农业措施修复汞污染的土壤是可行的。栽种作物时,汞对微生物的抑制效应受到掩蔽,作物产量和植株体内汞含量是汞污染程度的良好指标。以微生物和植物对汞污染的反应,基本一致的HgCl2危害质量分数指标是5mg·kg-1。In order to understand the effect of fertilizer and plant on the microflora remediation in mercury polluted soil, fertilizing and cropping experiments, together with modeling cultivation treatments conditioned non-fertilizing and non-planting, were conducted in a neutral purple soil dressed with different rates of mercury chloride. Results showed that: Firstly, the developments of bacteria, actinomyces, fungi, and ammonifiers were suppressed by mercury added to the soil in general, but nitrifiers, azotobacter and cellulolytic microorganisms were stimulated within certain scope of mercury concentration beyond which inhibitory effects presented. Secondly, fertilizing and cropping practices weakened the toxicity of mercury on microbes in soil to some extent, which suggested that agricultural measures play a positive role in remedying the microflora damaged by mercury pollution. Thirdly, the reduction of crop yield or mercury content in plant, rather than the microbial quantity, serves to indicate the mercury pollution in soil in case the cropping makes the depression of microorganisms hard to perceive. Consistently, toxic threshold concentration of mercury was obtained either from microbial or plant responses, i.e., w(HgCl2) 5 mg·kg-1.

关 键 词：施肥 作物 汞污染 土壤微生物 修复 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]