精子介导转基因动物的制备  

The Making of Transgenic Spermatozoa

作　　者：秦洁[1] 李碧春[1] 蔡琳琳[1] 季从亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学动物科技学院,扬州225009

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2005年第1期34-38,共5页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助 (3 0 170 678)

摘　　要：近年来 ,通过显微注射DNA至孵育的卵母细胞原核或外源基因转染后的胚胎干细胞进行转基因动物的生产已取得了令人瞩目的成就。在过去的 1 0年中 ,以精子作载体制备转基因哺乳动物或脊椎动物也取得了一些不同程度的进展。这些技术主要包括 :直接将外源DNA与精子共孵育至成熟 ;提取分离的精子DNA或进行预处理至精子发育成熟 ;以及在辅助受精前分离精子细胞等。此外 ,一些显微注射技术 ,如在输精管内进行体内直接转染雄性生殖细胞 ;将体内转染的雄性生殖细胞植入已分离的雄性生殖细胞 ,再显微注射至受体的睾丸 ,这些技术也逐渐成熟起来。研究表明 ,通过体内、体外转染外源DNA的显微操作技术只需将雄性受体与野生型雌性交配就可产生出转基因的后代个体 ,同时也避免了辅助受精和胚胎操作带来的机械损伤 ,因此具有一定的优势。本文综述了精子介导转基因 (SMGT)技术的发展历程、研究现状及前沿进展。The process of making transgenic animals by microinjecting DNA into the pronucleus of a fertilized oocyte or after the transfection of embryonic stem cells are now well established. However, attempts have also been made, with varying degrees of success to use spermatozoa as a vector for transgenesis in mammals and other vertebrates during the last decade, which include directly incubating mature, isolated spermatozoa with DNA or pretreating mature, isolated spermatozoa before assisted fertilization. Microinjection procedures have also been established to transfect male germ cells directly in vivo within the seminiferous tubules or to reimplant previously isolated male germ cells submitted to in vitro transfection into a recipient testis. The latter two techniques present the advantage of being able to create transgenic progeny simply by mating with wild- type females, which avoids the possibility of interference or damage as a result of assisted fertilization or the manipulation of embryos. The different aspects of sperm-mediated transgenesis are presented.

关 键 词：精子 体内 转染 介导 辅助 受体 显微操作 转基因 成熟 外源DNA 

分 类 号：S814.8[农业科学—畜牧学]