重金属污染环境的植物修复及其分子机制  

Molecular Mechanism for Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Polluted Environment

作　　者：史宇[1] 何玉科[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海生命科学研究院植物生理生态研究所植物分子遗传国家重点实验室,上海200032

出　　处：《植物生理与分子生物学学报》2003年第4期267-274,共8页Journal Of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金 (2 0 2 770 3 1)资助

摘　　要：重金属污染物的排放和扩散造成了日益严重的环境污染。如何消除环境中的重金属污染物已成为国际性难题。近年来 ,植物修复技术的出现和快速发展为我们展示了一条新的有效途径 :即利用植物对重金属化合物的吸收、富集和转化能力去除土壤和水体中残存的重金属污染物。文章简要介绍了重金属污染物与植物修复的关系和植物修复的生理机制 ,重点总结了重金属污染环境的植物修复在分子生物学方面所取得的研究进展 ,包括有机汞裂解酶基因merB、汞离子还原酶基因merA和金属硫蛋白基因MT等的生物学功能及其在植物修复上的应用 ,展望了植物修复研究工作的发展方向 ,并针对汞污染提出了一套修复方案。Emission and spread of heavy metals have given rise to severe environmental problems, and to eliminate heavy metal pollutants from the environment became a difficult task facing the world. In recent years, emergence and rapid growth of phytoremediation technology have provided a hopeful prospect.Potential ability of plant to absorb, transport within its body and accumulate heavy metals is explored to remedy heavy metal pollutants in soil, and water. In this review, the relation between heavy metal pollutants and phytoremediation and the physiological mechanisms involved in phytoremediation is evaluated. On this basis, great attention is paid to recent achievements of heavy metal phytoremediation made in the aspect of molecular biology. Biological function and application in phytoremediation is specifically exploited of organomercurial lyses gene merB , mercury reductase gene merA and metathionin MT . Further development is prospected about research on phytoremediation and thus a program to remedy the mercury pollutants outlined.

关 键 词：基因调控 重金属 植物修复 污染物 

分 类 号：X503[环境科学与工程—环境工程]