高危医务人群对传染性非典型肺炎的态度及心理特点  

Attitude of high-risk medical personnel towards severe acute respiratory syndrome and their psychological characteristics

作　　者：张倩[1,2] 杨小柳[3] 黄秀琴[3] 何晓冰[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理研究所 [2]解放军北京军区总医院门诊部北京市100700 [3]解放军北京军区总医院门诊部

出　　处：《中国临床康复》2005年第4期77-79,共3页Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation

摘　　要：目的:探讨传染性非典型肺炎(severeacuterespiratorysyndrome,SARS)流行期间高危医务人群和一般人群对SARS的态度及心理特征。方法:在SARS流行平台期及回落期,应用自行设计的SARS态度问卷、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、防御方式问卷和社会支持量表对130名工作在本院发热病房、发烧门诊、急诊科、检验科、放射科的高危医务人群和97名随机调查的社会一般人群进行测试。结果:SARS态度问卷的信度系数为0.81。高危医务人群对SARS知识很了解的比例显著多于一般人群;在SARS对人的危险程度的应答中,医务人员较一般人群对SARS的风险知觉更恰当;在有关SARS的一般信念上,医务人员比一般人群战胜SARS的信念更为坚定,差异均有显著性意义(χ2=7.364～22.445,P=0.000～0.032)。两组人群SCL-90评分与全国常模相比,显示恐怖因子分一致上升,人际关系和敌对因子分一致下降。高危医务人群的躯体化、精神病性因子分较常模上升;一般人群抑郁、焦虑、偏执因子分较常模下降。高危医务人群与一般人群相比较时,除焦虑因子分前者高于后者外,其他各因子分两组人群之间差异无显著性。在不成熟心理防御机制因子分上达到差异显著临界值(t=3.81,P=0.05),表现为医务人员分数高,一般人群分数低。其余三项因子分无差异。在社会支持总分。AIM:To investigate the attitude and psychological characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) in the high risk medical personnel and the common people during the epidemic outbreak of SARS. METHODS:The self designed attitude questionnaire, symptom checklist 90(SCL 90),defense style questionnaire(DSQ) and social support questionnaire(SSQ) were applied to compare the psychological differences between SARS high risk medical staffs(study group),who were working in the fever sickroom,fever clinic,departments of emergency,clinical laboratory and Radiology,and 97 randomly investigated social common crowds(control group). RESULTS:The internal consistency reliability coefficient of attitude questionnaire was 0.81.The proportion of the cases who had good knowledge about SARS was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group.As compared with the control group,the cases in the study group gave more proper response about the risk degree of SARS for human and had firmer faith in defeating SARS,and there were significant differences between the two groups(χ2=7.364 to 22.445, P=0.000 to 0.032).As compared with the norms,the scores of SCL 90 showed that the score of panic was increased while the scores of interpersonal relationship and hostility were decreased in both the study group and control group.The scores of somatization and psychoticism in the study group were increased while the scores of depression,anxiety and paranoid in the control group were decreased as compared with those of the norms.There were insignificant differences in the all the other factor scores between the study group and control group except that the score of anxiety was higher in the former.The score of immature mental defense mechanism was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group(t=3.81, P=0.05),and there were insignificances in other 3 factor scores.The total score of social support,the factor scores of objective support and subjective support in the study group had no remarkable differ

关 键 词：医务人员/心理学 肺炎 病毒性 防御机制 社会支持 

分 类 号：R563.1[医药卫生—呼吸系统]