弱光下生长的葡萄叶片蒸腾速率和气孔结构的变化  

LEAF TRANSPIRATION AND STOMATAL STRUCTURE OF YOUNG GRAPE PLANTS GROWN IN A LOW LIGHT ENVIRONMENT

作　　者：战吉宬[1] 黄卫东[1] 王秀芹[1] 王利军[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院,北京100094

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2005年第1期26-31,共6页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30070531和30300240)

摘　　要：植物能够对生长环境产生生态适应性,这种适应性可从气孔导度、光合速率、水分利用效率等生态指标上 反映出来。为了研究葡萄蒸腾特性对弱光环境的适应性变化,本试验以'京玉'葡萄幼苗(Vitis vinefera cv.Jingyn)为 试验材料,通过遮光处理(2个处理,分别遮光65％和85％)营造弱光环境,测定了在弱光环境下生长的葡萄叶片蒸 腾速率、气孔导度、水分利用效率对光照强度的响应,同时用扫描电镜技术观察了气孔的发育。结果表明,弱光环 境下生长的葡萄幼苗,叶片的水势较高,但水分利用效率较低,叶片蒸腾速率和气孔导度变化对光照强度的响应缓 慢,而自然光下生长的葡萄叶片则反应较迅速。通过对气孔结构的研究发现,与自然光照环境下生长的植株相比, 在弱光环境下生长的葡萄幼苗,叶片下表皮的气孔横轴变宽,大小气孔之间差异减少,气孔外突,表皮细胞变大甚 至扭曲,角质层变薄。说明葡萄幼苗能够对弱光环境产生适应性变化,其蒸腾特性的变化与其气孔结构的变化相 关,具有一致性。Plant adaptation to its growing environment is reflected in physiological responses, such as stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rates, and water use efficiency. We studied the influence of low light levels on leaf transpiration rate and stomal structure of young 'Jingyu' grape plants, Vitis vinefera L. cv. Jingyu, grown for 30 days under different light intensities (65% shading and 85% shading). The transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency were measured using a portable photosynthesis system , and the stomata were observed using a scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the leaf water potential of young grape plants grown under a low light environment was higher but water use efficiency was lower as compared to the controls. Transpiration rate and stomatal conductance responded slowly to varied light intensities, whereas the young grape plants grown under natural light environment were more sensitive to changing light intensities. For the young grape plants grown under low light environment, the horizontal axes of their stomata were broaden and the difference between 'larger' and 'smaller' stomata was reduced. The stomata protruded out of the epidermal wall and even distorted the cuticle of the epidermal surface. Our results showed that young grape plants were able to adapt to a low light environment, and their leaf transpiration characteristics were correlated with stomatal structure.

关 键 词：弱光条件 葡萄 叶片 蒸腾速率 气孔结构 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学] Q945.172[农业科学—园艺学]