同一生境牛蛙与昭觉林蛙蝌蚪的食性比较  

Food Comparison Between Tadpoles of Rana catesbeiana and R.chaochiaoensis Collected from the Same Habitat

作　　者：周伟[1] 李明会[1] 张兴宇[1] 贺佳飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南林学院保护生物学学院,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《Zoological Research》2005年第1期89-95,共7页动物学研究（英文）

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划 (973计划 ) (2 0 0 3CB415 10 0 )

摘　　要：对采自昆明东北郊同一水塘的牛蛙和昭觉林蛙蝌蚪进行食性分析。结果表明 ,牛蛙蝌蚪Ⅰ、Ⅱ期的食物种类分别为 8大类 5 1种和 37种 ,而昭觉林蛙蝌蚪Ⅱ期的食物种类有 6大类 30种 ;两者的食物组成均以硅藻门、绿藻门、蓝藻门为主 ,但昭觉林蛙蝌蚪Ⅱ期与牛蛙蝌蚪Ⅰ期的摄食种类差异极显著 ,与牛蛙Ⅱ期的不显著。昭觉林蛙蝌蚪Ⅱ期与牛蛙蝌蚪Ⅰ、Ⅱ期的食物生态位重叠度分别为 0 6 95 2和 0 6 887,单位体重摄食的生物量分别是后两者的 10 96倍和 15 4 8倍 ,但百分率相似性指数并不高 (分别为 5 4 95 %和 5 8 11% )。与等重量牛蛙蝌蚪相比 ,昭觉林蛙蝌蚪食物量较大 ,即昭觉林蛙蝌蚪为生存所需要的生物量远高于牛蛙蝌蚪。本文结果及野外观察表明 ,昭觉林蛙与牛蛙蝌蚪存在较激烈的食物竞争 ,且前者处于不利地位。Tadpoles of Rana catesbeiana and R.chaochiaoensis were collected from the same pond in the northeast suburb of Kunming.Their foods were analyzed.The results showed that food items of R.catesbeiana were eight types and 51 categories in tadpole stage Ⅰ,and eight types and 33 categories in tadpole stage Ⅱ.Food items of R.chaochiaoensis were six types and 30 categories in tadpole stage Ⅱ.Bacillariophyta,Chlorophyta,Cyanophyta were main items of food components in two species.However,there was a remarkable difference of food categories between tadpole stage Ⅱ of R.chaochiaoensis and stage Ⅰ of R.catesbeiana,and there was not difference of food categories between tadpole stage Ⅱ of R.chaochiaoensis and R.catesbeiana.Comparisons among tadpole stage Ⅱ of R.chaochiaoensis with stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ of R.catesbeiana,food niche overlap indexes were 0.6952 and 0.6887;biomass of unit body weight (food biomass/average weight) were 10.96 times and 15.48 times of two stages of R. catesbeiana;the indexes of percentage similarity of food (PS) were not high,i.e.54.95% and 58.11%. Comparisons between the same body weight tadpoles of R.chaochiaoensis and R.catesbeiana,the tadpole of R.chaochiaoensis has greater food quantity.The biomass needed for survival by the tadpole of R.chaochiaoensis was higher than the tadpole of R.catesbeiana.The results both in this text and observed in the field indicated that there was a drastic competition between tadpoles of R.catesbeiana and R.chaochiaoensis in food.Tadpoles of R.chaochiaoensis were in a disadvantageous position.

关 键 词：牛蛙 昭觉林蛙 蝌蚪 食性 外来种 土著种 生境 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]