汉语被动式与动词被动化  

Chinese Passives and Verb Passivization

作　　者：吴庚堂[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东职业技术师范学院外语系,广州510665

出　　处：《现代外语》2000年第3期249-260,共12页Modern Foreign Languages

摘　　要：本文承袭用NP提取的方法分析汉语的“被”字结构,在吴庚堂(1999)的基础上把该分析方法延伸到了以领属结构作宾语的被动式;通过运用动词被动化理论建立了一个涵盖所涉及的被动式的汉语被动化模型,同时解释了在领属结构被动式里当部分成分提取后为什么“的”字的音系形式会被删除;此外,本文还将发掘“被”字结构中的省略与“接应代词”之间的关系,并在此基础上提出了相关中心语功能“再造”的假设;最后,依据“最简方案”的最新思想提出了用多次选择N(cyclicapplication to Nurn)的方法解决“接应代词”或功能“再造”的思路。The paper inherits the tradition that approaches the Bei structure by NP-attraction and tries to construct a passivization model for the Chinese language based on the theory of verb passivization. To achieve this, it first extends the analysis to the 'possessive passive' (Cf. 'the inclusive indirect passive' in Huang 1997), and explains why, when the possessor is attracted, the phonological matrix of DE (the possessive head) is deleted. Then, it puts forward the Hypothesis of Functional Restoration on certain head elements upon close examination of the cause-and-effect relationships between the 'omission' and the 'resumptive pronouns' in the construction. And finally, it adopts the cyclic application to Num as the means to realize the functional restoration. In the linguistic literature on Chinese passives, some analyze the 'retained object' in a 'possessive passive' as relying on the 'partitive Case' to survive (J. Xu 1999). It is inappropriate since it can be taken by 'Ba', a case similar to any normal object. The NP that survives by 'partitive Case' is a different circumstance. In canonical Chinese passives, with 'possessive passives' being one, passivization is realized by verb passivization. Chinese has passive affixes. In 'possessive passives', the fact is that: though the possessive meaning remains, the possessive head 'De' is phonologically null. In the structure, it is logical to maintain that the retained object is the full possessive phrase but not only the 'possessee' by the simple theoretical consideration that deletion cannot destroy the structure. From this observation we could further deduce that the 'passive affix' has effect on the possessive head D. When the verb is passivized, Case absorption would render the phonological matrix of the possessive DP 'illegitimate'. To neutralize the conflict, the 'passive affix' will trigger DELETE and delete the phonological form of D. The deletion has two fold functions: one to survive the DP without Case, another to avail the attraction of the pos

关 键 词：汉语 被动式 动词被动化 “被”字结构 句法 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]