巨峰葡萄晚秋叶施^(15)N-尿素的吸收、运转、贮藏和再分配  

Effect of Autumn Foliar Application of ^(15)N-Urea on Absorption, Translocation, Storage and Redistribution of Fertilizer N in o' Grapevine

作　　者：管长志[1] 曾骧[1] 孟昭清[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京农业大学

出　　处：《园艺学报》1993年第3期237-242,共6页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目

摘　　要：巨峰葡萄秋叶喷^(15)N-尿素的利用率为26.09％,吸收后12～24小时可运到细根并同时部分转化为蛋白态N。休眠期树体总N和肥料N都集中贮藏在根部,尤以粗根中为多,N素以非蛋白态形式存在为主,精氨酸是含量最多的游离氨基酸。萌芽后新生器官的生长和发育优先动用叶吸收的肥料N素。PP_(333)2000mg/l、轻摘心和重摘心均可促进总N和肥料N向果穗和果穗对生叶分配,因此可显著提高巨峰葡萄的坐果率,增加单果干重,其中以重摘心效果最显著。Three-year-old Kyoho grapevines ( Vitis vinifera ? V.labrusca) were used in this experiment. The results indicated that fertilizer utilization rate in Kyoho grapevine with foliar spray of ^(15)N-urea in Autumn was 26.09%.It needed 12~24 hours for fertilizer N, after absorbing by leaves, to translocate to fine roots. Fertilizer N was partly transformed into protein as soon as it reached the fine roots.Total N and fertilizer N were mainly stored in roots, especially in large roots of Kyoho grapevine in dormant season, and most of them existed in form of non-protein. Arginine was the dominant free amino acid in fine roots in dormant season.More proportion of fertilizer was used for leaf and fruit growth than that of total N after the grapevine sprouting in Spring of the next year. Compared to the control, all of the treatments had effects on promoting total N and fertilizer N to redistribute to the clusters and leaves opposite the clusters, increasing dry weight of the berries, and enhancing fruit-setting ratio, among which heavy pinching treatment had the most significant effect.

关 键 词：葡萄 巨峰葡萄 施肥 N15 尿素 贮藏 

分 类 号：S663.106.2[农业科学—果树学]