古罗马等级制度中的显贵  

The Nobility in the Hierarchy of the Ancient Rome

作　　者：胡玉娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所,副研究员。北京100006

出　　处：《世界历史》2002年第3期84-95,共12页World History

摘　　要：早在19世纪，德国古典学大师蒙森就发现，在古罗马社会的政治生活中存在着一个特权等级——显贵(nobilis,或nobilitas)，他们控制着执政官、元老院等权力机构，大权在握，地位显赫。20世纪初，另一位德国学者格尔泽的研究表明，绝大多数罗马显贵都出身于执政官家族，……Roman nobilis or nobilitas , used to be translated into Chinese as 'the new noble', is indeed the 'well-known noble', because there is no sense of new in nobilis or noblitas. Three aspects are under the discussion in this paper. First, the origin of nobility. It was resulted both in the de-cline of patricii, and in the uprising of the upper part of the plebes. Until the third century BC, the consulship was finally confined in certain families and gentes, and the plebeians turned to op-pose the nobility instead of the patricians, therefore, only in that period, did the Roman nobility come into being. Second, the features of the Roman nobility. The nobility has broader social bases than the patricians. It was used to gain and reinforce the power through family groups. Lastly, Roman nobility fell in corruption after the second Punic War. It was declined at the end of the republic. During the empire period, the nobility has lost its former estate and became the de-pendant of the emperor.

关 键 词：古罗马 等级制度 政治生活 “显贵” 权力机构 意大利 历史发展 

分 类 号：K126[历史地理—历史学]