对于提高奥氏体不锈钢离子氮化表面腐蚀性能的措施  

Towars Improving the Corrosion Characteristics of Plasma Nitrided Austenitic Stainless Steels

作　　者：T.BELL LiXY SunY 刘家浚[2] 张秋英 

机构地区：[1]英国伯明翰大学 [2]清华大学 [3]铁道部戚墅堰机车车辆厂,江苏常州213011

出　　处：《中国表面工程》1998年第4期40-48,共9页China Surface Engineering

基　　金：欧洲委员会的资助!CIPA-CT-94-0151

摘　　要：离子氮化已经非常成功地应用在奥氏体不锈钢的表面强化方面，以提高其耐磨性与摩擦学性能。然而由于氮化铬在氮化层中沉淀析出，在许多受环境严重腐蚀的应用场合，使传统的离子氮化耐腐蚀性能恶化，这是无法接受的。最近几年，作者企图提高奥氏体不锈钢离子氮化的耐腐蚀性能，以获得既耐磨又耐腐蚀的表面。为此，进行了两方面的探索即传统的高温氮化后紧接着表面钝化处理，以及低温氮化处理。前者产生一种较厚且耐磨的亚表面氮化层和耐腐蚀的表面钝化膜。而低温氮化处理可产生一层薄且硬的无沉淀析出的非常耐腐蚀的氮化物层。本文讲述了针对奥氏体不锈钢进行各种氮化处理的最新试验结果，并讨论了其显微组织、动力学、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性能。Plasma nitriding has been successfully employed to engineer the surfaces of austenitic stainless steels to improve their wear and tribological properties.However, due to the precipitation of chromium nitrides in the nitrided case, conventional plasma nitriding usually deteriorate in corrosion resistance, which is unacceptable in many application situations involving severe corrosive attack by the environment. Attempts have thus been made in recent years to improve the corrosion behaviour of plasma nitrided austenitic stainless steels so as to achieve combined wear and corrosion resistant surfaces. Two approaches have been examined, i.e. conventional high temperature nitrding followed by surface passivation treatments and low temperature nitriding. The former produces a relatively thick and wear resistant nitrided subsurface and a corrosion resistant passivasion film on top of the surface. Whilst the low temperature technique produces a thin, hard and precipitation-free nitrided layer,which possesses excellent corrosion properties. This paper presents recent experimental results obtained and discusses the response of austenitic stainless steels to various treatments in terms of microstructures, kinetics,wear resistance and corrosion characteristics.

关 键 词：离子氮化 奥氏体不锈钢 氮化处理 耐腐蚀性能 表面强化 氮化层 显微组织 氯化 耐磨性 表面腐蚀 

分 类 号：TG142.71[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TG156[金属学及工艺—金属材料]