论北方杂交粳稻的育种攻关  

On Key Problems in Japonica Type Hybrid Rice Breeding in The North

作　　者：洪立芳[1] 刘秉全[1] 李增高[1] 毛振武[1] 张爱武[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院作物所

出　　处：《杂交水稻》1993年第1期3-5,共3页Hybrid Rice

摘　　要：北方杂交粳稻的优势是显著的，对其育种攻关应持积极乐观的态度．对杂交粳稻生产上停滞滑坡的原因作了分析，在选育力量相对较弱和繁殖制种体系不健全的条件下，其推广利用的速度要求不能过急。从新组合高产、优质、多抗和易于制种的要求出发，在继续改良恢复系的同时，强调了矮秆、优质、抗病、配合力高、开花习性好的保持系的选育及不育系的转育。Hybrid rice of japonica type has expressed obvious heterosis in the north. For example, the grain yield per mu of Xiu-You 57 and Qiu-You 20, if they possess high purity and are properly cultivated, is 50 kg more than that of Qiu-Guang. In an experiment .the grain yield of Xi-You 20, Qiu-You 20 and liu -You 1244 was more than 540 kg per mu, 10% higher than that of Zhong-Dan 2. Moreover, new hybrid combinations with stronger heterosis such as Qiu-Guang A/L 422, 287A/9022 and 59A/T2040 have been developed. When they were experimentally planted , their grain yield per mu was 10% more than.that of Li-You 57. No need for reticence, some hybrid combinations, owing to their poor purity, homoplasmic R genes in ms lines, high percentage of sterile plants, worse grain quality than thate of elite ordinary varieties and low yields of seed production, have made a bad impression on certain production units. As a result, the extension and use of japonica type hybrid rice in the north has showed a tendency to bog down in recent years. It would be shortsighted if thereafter the attempts to solve problems in breeding of japonica type hybrid rice are to be abandoned. We should not be overanxious for quick results in extension and use of japonica type hybrid rice. In order to attain the aim of developing new hybrid combinations with high yield potential, good grain quality and multiresistance and doing seed production easily, it is necessary to lay stress on selection of maintainer lines with short stature, good quality, strong disease resistance, high combining .ability and good flowering habits as well as transfer of sterile lines, when restorer lines are being improved.

关 键 词：粳稻 杂交稻 育种 

分 类 号：S511.220.3[农业科学—作物学]