栽培棉种间四元杂种F_1群体内形态性状与染色体组成的分离  

Segregation of morphological characters and chromosomal components within quadrispecific F_1 populations derived from interspecific hybridization among four cultivated cotton species

作　　者：王志宁[1] 季道藩[1] 许复华[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江农业大学农学系,杭州310029

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》1993年第1期20-25,共6页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：本研究以4种不同细胞质的栽培棉种间四元杂种F_1群体为材料,并以4个栽培棉种及其种间二元杂种F_1为对照,研究了四元杂种F_1群体内叶片和花器性状的变异。结果表明:在四元杂种F_1群体内,茎秆色泽、茸毛、叶片中裂片形状以及花瓣色泽发生了强烈分离。叶柄长度,花柄长度等数量性状表现明显的杂种优势;而苞叶长、宽,花瓣长,宽类似于2个四倍体栽培棉种,分离程度相对较小。不同细胞质的四元杂种F_1群体之间在花药数目上表现出明显的细胞质效应。以草棉为细胞质的四元杂种F_1群体平均花药数为75.27±18.34个/花,而以海岛棉为细胞质的四元杂种F_1群体平均达116.7±26.7个/花。对四元杂种F_1根尖细胞有丝分裂中期随体染色体数目的观察表明,F_1群体内随体染色体数目以4～6条为主,最少仅1条,最多达7条。从而在染色体水平上直接证明了四元杂种F_1群体内株间遗传成份的分离。The variation of leaf and flower characters within quadrispecific F_1 populations derived from interspecific hybridization among four cultivated cotton species were studied.The results (Table 1, 2) showed that some qualitative traits such as stem color, petal color and lobe shape segregated obviously. Some quantitative characters such as the length of petiole and pedicle, manifested heterosis over their mid-parents, while the others (e.g. the length and width of petals) resembled their two tetraploidy parental species. Cytoplamic effects were observed in trait of the number of anthers per flower. The quadrispecific F_1 population with G.herbaceum cytoplasm had 75.27±18.34 anthers per flower, while that with G.barbadense cytoplasm reached 116.7±26.7 anthers per flower.The number of satellite chromosomes in quadrispecific F_1 root-tips varied from one to seven(Fig. 1).Therefore, the variation of genetic components within quadrispecific F, populations were proved directly at chromosomal level.

关 键 词：棉花 杂种一代 形态特征 染色体 

分 类 号：S562.035.1[农业科学—作物学]