认知语用学的焦点问题探索  

Tentative Reflections on Cognitive Pragmatics

作　　者：冉永平[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学外国语言学及应用语言学研究中心,广州510420

出　　处：《现代外语》2002年第1期48-60,共13页Modern Foreign Languages

基　　金：本文得到普通高等学校人文社会科学重点研究基地外国语言学及应用语言学研究中心的资助

摘　　要：语用问题的认知研究是近年来国际语言学界涌现出来的一个新的研究热点与趋势,但什么是认知语用学?虽然目前还未形成统一的定义和理论框架,但这些都不能否认该研究的存在与谈论的必要性。语用模块、认知语境、语用照应与推理等都是语用学讨论中出现的新兴课题,作为对认知语用学的系列研究之一,本文作者首先简要地探讨了语用学的历史渊源和认知基础,因为语用认知研究的出现并非偶然,同时语用学与认知科学之间也存在一定的联系;接着主要讨论了信息处理的语用模块论,是否存在语用模块,这是认知语用学关注的一个主要问题,本文指出语用问题不是模块问题。另外,语用理解与推理也是认知语用学关注的重要问题,在特定语境条件下,听话人需要形成一定的假设才能理解说话人的意图,一方面形成假设的过程是人们推理的过程,也就是一个依赖语境因素的认知过程,另一方面语境必须结合交际事件的社交因素。于是作者重点分析了认知语用观和社交语用观之间的关系,并指出二者之间并非完全对立与排斥。最后本文提出了有关的几个问题,与读者同思索。Pragmatics is in a constant state of flux and evolution, there have appeared different perspectives or approaches to pragmatics, such as Dascal (1983) analyzes the field from the standpoint of the philosophy of language, Green (1989/1996) lays particular emphasis on textual pragmatics and more formal aspects of pragmatics, Mey (1993) regards pragmatics the societally necessary and consciously interactive dimension of the study of language, Thomas (1995) argues convincingly for a social, psychological and cognitive approach to pragmatics, Verschueren (1999) lays his emphasis on a general cognitive, social and cultural perspective on language use, while Blakemore (1992) and Sperber & Wilson (1986/1995) take a cognitive approach. On the basis of the above, pragmatics becomes more likely to be considered cognitively involved, although there still exists disagreements on what cognitive pragmatics is and what core issues should be addressed, and the like. Anyhow it is held in the study that cognitive pragmatics focuses on the mental processing of information for communicative purposes and on the interlocutors' abilities in terms of which they create and understand meanings beyond the word and sentence levels.In the present study its attention has been concentrated upon the following aspects, which are considered essential in cognitive pragmatics: the cognitive basis of pragmatics, pragmatic modularity, understanding and inference, and the interrelatedness between cognitive and social factors. Firstly, it traces the cognitive basis back to the semiotic study in the 1930s following the evolution of pragmatics, since the cognitive-pragmatic perspective originates in the philosophy of language (Marmaridou 2000). And the relationship between pragmatics and some cognitive disciplines is explored so as to account for the fact that it is of necessity to do pragmatics from the cognitive perspective, and by looking into the essence of the effects of signs, effects of speech acts, and cognitive effects, we can find some congruity

关 键 词：认知语用学 语境因素 认知研究 国际语言学 社交语用 说话人 认知语境 认知基础 定语 照应 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学] H319