《广韵》“末、未”谐声系统及其间九对“双胞胎”  

Families 末 and 未 in Guangyun and the Nine Pairs of Twins

作　　者：陈重瑜[1] 

机构地区：[1]新加坡国立大学华语教学中心

出　　处：《语言研究》2001年第3期95-100,共6页Studies in Language and Linguistics

摘　　要：《广韵》里，“末、未”两个不同的谐声系统有9对字形与字义都相近的字，语音上都是去入二读之差，而在北京音系里的读音虽然都是去声，但却有[+/-韵尾] 的对比；即中古音里是去声的字有韵尾，是入声的字没有韵尾。这种情况与同一系统内有去声与入声两类字以及同时有去入二读的字的情况完全吻合。两个系统里不可能有9 对字形与字义都如此接近的字；就如两个家庭里不可能有9对看似双胞胎的孩子。可见“末/未”原本就是同一个谐声系统，在中古音之时，内部有9个字刚刚从入声迈进去声，所以有二读。Phonetic series 末 and series 未, two families in Guangyun, share 9 pairs of graphically as well as semantically similar graphs. Elsewhere (Chen, 2001), a contrast in the form of [+/symbol 45 \f 'Symbol' \s 10.5- vocalic ending] has been established to parallel a difference in the modern reflexes of many Middle Chinese Qu/Ru readings. That is, often within the same family that contained only graphs in Qu and Ru tones, those which carried Qu in Middle Chinese often emerge in Modern Peking with a vocalic ending -i or -u； those which still carried Ru in Middle Chinese emerge without such an ending. It is thus evident that in the process of 'A symbol 174 \f 'Symbol' \s 10.5畗 A/B symbol 174 \f 'Symbol' \s 10.5畗 B' change from Ru to a non-Ru tone, the A/B two-reading stage may last for a rather long period of time. That families末 and 未share 9 pairs of graphically as well as semantically similar graphs, carrying Qu and Ru tones respectively in Middle Chinese, had actually been results of having large number of graphs caught in a A/B two-reading stage at the time of Middle Chinese. In other words, the two families were actually one that was caught in transition.

关 键 词：《广韵》 谐声系统 “末” “未” 

分 类 号：H113[语言文字—汉语] H116