天山北坡低山带春秋场优势种牧草的再生性能 1.几种优势种牧草再生性能的观测  

REGENARATION OF THE DOMINANT GRASS ON SPRING-AUTUMN PASTURE IN THE LOW BELT OF NORTHERN TIANSHAN MOUNT 1. OBSERVATION OF REGENERATION OF SOME DOMINANT GRASS.

作　　者：李振武[1] 许鹏[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生物土壤沙漠所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]新疆八一农学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《中国草地》1993年第5期18-24,共7页Grassland of China

摘　　要：从牧草的再生方式、再生速度、再生强度和再生草生育期规律研究了四种优势牧草再生生物学特性。伊犁绢蒿(Seriphidium transililense)春季再生主要由被剪割后的短、长营养枝继续生长和利用后受到刺激的根颈部位上的芽长成新的营养枝,利用后的长营养枝也可发育为生殖枝,但受利用时期与次数的影响较大;秋季主要靠营养枝的顶芽长成新叶(而不长成新枝)再生。总的来看,其再生较弱,与一次利用比,多次利用后,平均再生速度明显下降,再生草总量占总产草量的77％。短柱苔草(Carex turkestanica)春季主要以株丛内轮近地表处的芽长成新叶和未被利用破坏的叶子继续生长的方式再生,利用后残留的叶片也可继续生长,但速度较慢,秋季则只有最内轮的芽萌生成很小的叶片一种再生方式。其再生能力高于伊犁绢蒿,再生草总量占总产量的88％。羊茅(Festuca ovina)的再生方式在春秋两季相差不大,均以三种方式再生:即分蘖节上的新芽长成新叶;顶端未经利用的叶片继续生长;顶端被利用后残留叶片继续生长。多次利用后,平均再生速度为2.0 cm/10天,春季再_生力较强,秋季则显微弱,夏季休眠期没有再生。再生草总量占总产量的87％。针茅(Stipa capillala)再生方式总体上与羊茅基本相同。春季返青再生较晚,夏季休眠现象表现较弱,炎热对新叶的危害不大,秋季新叶仍有一定的再生能力。其再生速度是四种牧草中最快的类型。再生草总量也可占总产量的88％。这四种牧草一年最多可利用五次,春季四次,秋季一次,春季利用对生殖枝的生长都有一定的影响。从再生速度与再生强度两方面比较,它们再生能力的强弱顺序为针茅、羊茅、短柱苔草、伊犁绢蒿。Grass biological regenerating characteristics of 4 species was studied in the aspects of regenerating mode(RM.), regenerating rate(RR.), regenerating intension(RI) and regenerating developmental rhythm. The RM. of Serphidium transillense in spring is mainly that the short and long nutritive twig damaged by utilization continuous to grow and the bud at root collar developed to new twig,regeneration of productive twig is effected obviously by the Period and the frenquency of cutting. While in autumn,there in only one mode which is the bud on the top of nutritive twig developed to new leaf(not new branch). To sum up,this grass generated weakly so that its average RR is only 1. 9cm/10 days and its regrowth yield make up 77% of the total yield. The RM of Carex turkestanica in spring is mainly that the bud near ground in the inner round of plant developed to new leaf and the leaf without being damaged continuous to grow. The leaf which had been cut grew weakly. The grass asexually regenerated with root—stem is belong to the type of e arly development, its regenerating capability with regrowth yield of 88% of total yield is stronger than that of S. transillence. There are three types of RM which in spring is similar to that of in autumn for Festuca ovina: the bud at tillering node developed to new leaf, the leaf without damaged continuous to grow,Its average RR is 2.0cm/10days,the RR is strong in spring,weaken and stable in autumn and paused in summer. And its total regrowth biomass take 87% of the gross. The RM of Stipa capillata,as xeric crowded rosette grass.is similar to that of F. ovina. It turn green late in spring and come in dormant little in summer. Hot is less harmful to it,so its regeneration keep better in autumn. Its RR is the fastest anmong the four grass,and its regrowth yield take up 88% of the total. The growth of reproduction twig of them is the effected obviously by whatever mode of utilization. The regenerating capability of the 4 species in order is S. capillata , F. Ovina, C. turkestanica, S. tra

关 键 词：牧草 再生 合理利用 产量 

分 类 号：S540.1[农业科学—作物学]