鲜卑民族及其语言(上)  

The Ethnic Xianbei and Its Language

作　　者：朱学渊 

机构地区：[1]太平洋企业公司,北卡罗来纳州丹佛28037

出　　处：《满语研究》2000年第1期54-63,共10页Manchu Studies

摘　　要：古鲜卑人西出大兴安岭，取代了匈奴族在蒙古高原上的统治地位，并在北方诸族血缘、语言不断融合的基础上，逐渐形成以匈奴语为主、掺杂了鲜卑语成分的混合语言，即后世的“突厥语”。而南迁阴山—河套地区的拓跋鲜卑其语言则较多地保留了“蒙古原语”──早期鲜卑语特征。古文献中，以东胡—鲜卑族裔建立的“柔然汗国”，其语言却沿着“匈奴化”的方向发展。“高车”、“回纥”以及今天楚瓦什人从语言上仍可看出与鲜卑族的渊源关系。“东胡—鲜卑”系语言不仅是“现代蒙古语”的祖语，也是遍布欧亚大陆的“现代突厥语”的重要组成部分。The people of Xianbei marched westward and took over the place of governance in the Mongolian Plateau. On the basis of merging of blood relatio ns and languages, there gradually evolved a mixture language with the Xiongnu la nguage as its backbone blended with components of Xianbei language, which is the later Tujue Language. On the other hand, the Tuoba Xianbei people who migrated to the region of Yinshan Mountains and the Great Bend of the Huanghe River prese rved more of the “Original Mongolian” - the characteristics of earlier Xianbe i language. In ancient documentation, the language of “Rouran Hun State: establ ished by Donghu-Xianbei descendants developed along lines of “Hunization”. Lin guistically, “Gaoche”, “Huihe” and the present Chuwashi people still exhibit origins of Xianbei. “Donghu-Xianbei” family of languages are not only the anc estral language of “modern Mongolian, but also an important part of the “Moder n Tujue Language” now spread over Eurasia.

关 键 词：鲜卑族早期历史 族名特征 东胡一鲜卑系语言 柔然 高车 回纥 楚瓦什人 

分 类 号：H211.2[语言文字—少数民族语言]