“应力集中控制爆破”在采石中的应用研究  

RESEARCH ON THE APPLICATON OF STRESS CONCENTRATION CONTROLLED BLASTING TO DEMENSYION STONE QUARRYNG

作　　者：罗祖春[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省建筑材料工业研究设计院

出　　处：《中国矿业》1993年第4期32-36,共5页China Mining Magazine

摘　　要：“应力集中控制爆破”开采石材由两个关键部分组成:方便易行的刻槽技术和安全廉价的低爆压炸药。 岩石呈脆性,在岩石上开槽的技术是人们十分关注的研究课题。根据格里菲斯断裂理论可知,在裂纹前缘尖端区域,应力场具有价的奇异性,也就是说具有高度应力集中的特性。在“应力集中控制爆破”开采石材中,开凿应力集中槽用手持式凿岩机完成,先钻孔后开槽,无论是在花岗岩或大理石上开槽,开槽时间仅只有钻孔时间的1/15～1/20。笔者认为机械开槽是今后发展的必然趋势,爆炸物质反应类型,即爆轰或爆燃,这在很大程度上取决于激发方式,而点火式正是石材开采中低爆压炸药的起爆方式。Stres concentration controlled blasting' for dimension stone quarrying contains two key parts:easy and convenient notching technique; safe and cheap low explosives. Rocks are brittle. Notching on rocks is a common interested problem to study, It can be Known from Griffith's theory that at the tip of cracks the stress field shows the singularity of r-1/2 ,that is to say, it possesses the property ot high stress concentration. In dimension stone quarrying by ' stress concentration controlled blasting ' , the notches are cut by hand rock brills, drilling the boreholes first and cutting the notches afterwards. The notching period is only 1/15 ~1/20 of the drilling time either on granite or on marble. The aulhor considers that mechanic notching will be the inexorable trend for future development. The reaction type for exploding materials-explosion or deflagration-is determined to a great extent by the exciting style, the combustion initiation.

关 键 词：控制爆破 应力集中 石材开采 

分 类 号：TD872[矿业工程—非金属矿开采]