麦类和黍类作物光合器官细胞形态和光合性能的比较(综述)  

COMPARISON BETWEEN THE CELL MORPHOLOGY AND THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PERFORMANCE OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANS OF FESTUCOID CROPS AND PANICOID CROPS

作　　者：郑丕尧[1] 李雁鸣[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京农业大学作物栽培生态生理研究室,北京100094

出　　处：《中国农业科学》1993年第4期29-35,共7页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

摘　　要：本文比较了麦类和黍类作物在光合器官细胞形态和光合性能方面的异同点。与黍类作物相比,麦类作物的叶肉细胞较大,且形态和组成较复杂;叶片的气孔密度较低:叶片的细胞形态随叶位上升逐步复杂化的趋势较明显,规律性也较强。黍类作物的光合速率一般高于麦类作物。麦类和黍类作物光合作用的日变化形式也有不同。麦类作物除叶片以外的绿色器官,具有与叶肉细胞类似的光合细胞,且有较强的光合功能,而黍类作物的这一特点不明显。The cell morphology and photosynthetic performance of the photosynthetic organs of the two groups of gramineous crops, Festucoid and Panicoid, were compared, based on extensive references.The main differences between the two groups were as follows, (1) The mesophyll cells of Festucoid were larger and more complex in morphology than those of Panicoid;(2) The stomatal density of leaf blades in Festucoid was lower than that in Panicoid,and the stomatal density on adaxial was higher than that on abaxial epidermis in Festucoid, but it was oppesite to the order in Panicoidj;(3)The leaf blade cells showed gradual changes from simple to complex in morphology with leaf position on the main stem from the lower towards the upper ones both in Festucoid and in Panicoid, but the difference between lower leaves and upper ones was more significant in Festucoid than in Panicoid;(4) The net photosynthetic rate of Panicoid was higher than that of Festucoid generally, and (5) The diurnal changes of photosynthesis in Panicoid were single-peak curves, with the. peak at noon, but the photosynthesis decreased in Festucoid at noon because of low humnidity and high temperature; (6) Besides leaf blades, other green organs of Festucoid also had parenchymal cells with active photosynthetic ability,which were similar to mesophyll cells, but this characteristic was not evident in Panicoid.

关 键 词：麦类作物 黍类作物 细胞 光合性能 

分 类 号：S512.01[农业科学—作物学]