黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域不同地类的侵蚀产沙模型  

Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield Models of Different Land Types in Small Basins in the Hilly Loss Region

作　　者：唐政洪[1] 蔡强国[2] 陈宁[2] 刘高焕[2] 冯九梁[3] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学农业部亚热带土壤资源与环境重点开放实验室,湖北武汉430070 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [3]山西省水利厅水土保持局,山西太原030000

出　　处：《山地学报》2001年第2期120-124,共5页Mountain Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目;加拿大国际发展总署 (CIDA)资助!中国 -加拿大合作项目

摘　　要：根据黄土丘陵沟壑区的侵蚀产沙规律 ,通过对晋西王家沟小流域 195 5～ 1980年的多年观测资料及多次人工模拟降雨资料分析 ,建立了不同地类侵蚀产沙关系式 ,包括坡面侵蚀产沙、黄土沟坡侵蚀产沙、红土沟坡侵蚀产沙、发育沟壁侵蚀产沙、洞穴侵蚀产沙等黄土丘陵沟壑区丰富的侵蚀产沙类型。利用GIS强大的空间分析功能 ,从DEM数据中提取出小流域水沙汇流网络 ,将水沙运移引入到侵蚀产沙模型的计算之中 ;模型对羊道沟 2 2次降雨的计算结果表明 :坡耕地是坡面的主要泥沙来源 ,陡坡地在全流域侵蚀产沙中占有重要地位 ,水沙汇流作用对下坡的侵蚀产沙具有重要影响。同时 ,选用了晋西汾河上游的阳湾小流域进行了模型的推广应用 ,取得了较好的预测效果。On the basis of rules of the soil erosion and sediment yield of the hilly Loess region, and through analyses of the data of field observation from 1955 to 1980 and the data of many artificial rainfalls , we built soil erosion and sediment yield equations of different land types, which had abundant types of soil erosion including hillslope, loess, red_soil and cave, then developed the hillslope submodel, the valley slope submodel and the channel submodel. This research made full use of the powerful function of spatial analysis of geographical information system(GIS), and constructed the database of the small basin. We revised the arithmetic according to the complex physiognomy conditions of the Hilly Loess region and abstracted the drainage networks from digital elevation model(DEM). After the models calculation of the image through the interface between the models and the image, we drew following conclusions: slope farming was the primary sources of sediment, and gully slope played the important role in the whole small basin, and the conflux process of water and soil influenced deeply the lower_slope. At the same time, we have finished testing in Yandaogou small basin, and made extension and application in Yanwang small basin.

关 键 词：黄土丘陵沟壑区 侵蚀产沙模型 地理信息系统(GIS) 汇流网络 地类 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]