近几十年中国极端气候变化格局  

Geographic Patterns of Extreme Climate Changes in China during 1951 - 1997

作　　者：严中伟[1] 杨赤[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京100029

出　　处：《气候与环境研究》2000年第3期267-272,共6页Climatic and Environmental Research

基　　金：国家重点基础发展规划项目!(G1999043400);中国科学院资源与生态环境研究重大项目!(KZ951-A1-402);中国

摘　　要：以１９５１～ １９９７年间 ６１站的逐日气象观测为基础，揭示了中国区域气候要素极值的变化格局。北方极端最低温普遍上升５～１０℃，是冬季寒潮减弱的数值化标志；极端最高温在很多地区都有所降低，但在高原却普遍上升，原因待考；引人注目的北方干旱化问题主要反映在微量降水事件的显著减少，而在降水量上并无显著反映；极端风速普遍减弱１～３ｍ／ｓ，反映了剧烈天气活动（如寒潮、台风）强度的减弱。在很多情形下，极端气候变化可达平均气候变化的５～１０倍，而另一些情形下，极端气候完全逆平均气候而变化，说明了极端气候独特的研究价值。Based on daily observations of 61 stations, we found that the annual lowest temperature (a mean of the 10 lowest records) has increased by 5-10℃ and the strongest wind speed has decreased by about 3 m/ s in the northern China. This quantitatively indicates the weakening winter cold surges from Siberia in the last few decades. The well-known aridification in the northern China has not been accompanied with any significant change in extreme rainfall, but may have been linked with a decrease in frequency of drizzles (recorded as 0 mm of rainfall). The highest temperature has decreased over most of the country, except for the Tibetan Plateau. The strongest wind has weakened also in the southeastern China, Perhaps relating to weakening typhoons or tropical storms in summer. In a large number of cases, the extreme climate change has been 5-10 times of the mean climate change. In some cases, the extreme climate change has been opposite to the mean.

关 键 词：中国 极端气候 气候极值 极端降水事件 极端温度 极端风速 平均气候 

分 类 号：P46[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]