由放料到工厂:清代前期苏州棉布字号的经济与法律分析  

From the Putting out System to the Factory System: An Economic and Legal Analysis of Cotton cloth Firms in Suzhou during the Early Qing Dynasty

作　　者：邱澎生[1] 

机构地区：[1]台北中研院历史语言研究所

出　　处：《历史研究》2002年第1期75-87,共13页Historical Research

摘　　要：清代前期苏州棉布加工业中盛行“放料制生产” ,而不能被“工厂制生产”取代。放料制生产的不同内容的交易成本变动 ,整体说来有利于经济成效。但在“法律制度”调整方面 ,则有不同效果 :一是当时法律判例确有维护长期契约换约自由、保障商标产权的正面作用 ;另一则是投资生产者的法律责任归属问题 ,在罢工事件中难以清楚划分。“放料制”对投入生产事业的商人财产较有保障 ,即使不能使用“工厂制”来降低监督方面的执行成本 ,但仍是当时投资生产者较为划算的选择。The prevalent mode of production in Suzhous cotton cloth processing industry during the early Qing dynasty was a putting out rather than a factory system. Changes in transaction costs in the putting out system were, in general, conducive to economic efficiency. However, adjustments in the legal system produced varying impacts: on the one hand, the legal precedents during that period played a positive role in supporting freedom of contract and guaranteeing the property rights of trademarks. On the other hand, however, it was difficult to decide on the legal responsibilities of investors and producers in case of strikes. In general, the putting out system effectively safeguarded the assets of the merchants involved in production and was the ideal choice for investors and producers, even if it could not reduce supervision costs as effectively as the factory system.

关 键 词：判例 生产者 法律分析 保障 财产 归属问题 罢工 清代前期 苏州 商人 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学] D923[历史地理—中国史]