小麦抗赤霉病基因库研究——Ⅲ.不同基础群体组建方法及其轮回选择探讨  

Studies on the Development of Scab Resistant Gene Pool in Wheat——Ⅲ.Exploration of the Establishment of Base Populations and Their Recurrent Selection

作　　者：蒋国梁[1] 吴兆苏[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学小麦育种研究室,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《作物学报》1993年第5期441-452,共12页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家攻关课题;国家自然科学基金项目

摘　　要：利用太谷核不育小麦,进行多亲本杂交,按不同的方式组建基础群体。采用不同的选择方法和选择强度,分别进行轮回选择。对长期库 GPO 和近期库 GPⅠ、GPⅡ,GPⅢ等4个不同轮选群体,于1989/1990和1990/1991年在南京进行了研究。群体平均抗赤霉病性 GPⅢ较强,GPⅡ较弱。各群体当选优良可育株平均病粒数(率)GPⅢ较低,但其后代抗赤性与其他3个群体间无明显差异。与 GPO 相比,GPⅠ、GPⅡ、GPⅢ平均株高分别矮12.2,11.4和6.7厘米,达显著或极显著水平;穗粒重和千粒重分别高9.79—17.20%和2.76—9.91%;穗粒数、小穗数明显较多。当选优良单株平均株高3个近期库比长期库矮7—10厘米,单株粒数多40—70粒,单株粒重高1.5—4.5克,穗粒数多2—6粒,穗粒重高0.2—O.55克。表明 GPⅠ、GPⅡ的组群方法较 GPO 好,3个近期库的改良效果显著优于长期库。各群体遗传变异均较大,进一步选择仍然有效。Three base populations were established with different methods through multi-parentcrossing.by using the dominant male-sterile gene Tal,and different selection proce-dures and intensities were adopted in their recurrent selection programmes,respectively.For the long-term gene pool GPO and the short-term gene pool GPⅢ,the same base population was developed according to Wu et al.'s scheme,and forthe male-sterile plants,phenotypic mass spike selection was conducted with 15—20%and about 5% selection intesities respectively.For the short-term gene poolGPI,superior male-sterile plants were selected from the F_1 hybrid populations of 10desirable combinations and seeds of the selected plants were bulked in a proper ratioto establish the base population.For the short-term gene pool GPⅡ,individual plantselection was conducted for 2—3 cycles for male-sterile plants from the F_1 hybridsand progeny populations of 28 desirable combinations and the seeds from selectedplants were bulked in a proper ratio to form the base population.With themale-sterile plants during recurrent selection of GPⅠ and GPⅡ,phenotypic massplant selection was carried out for agronomic characters such as plant height andyield components as well as scab resistance with about 5% selection intesity.GPO,GPⅠ,GPⅡ and GPⅢ grown in a 3-replicate randomized layout werestudied in Nanjing during two crop seasons 1989—1991.Of these different re-current selection populations,mean resistance to scab was higher in GPⅢ and lowerin GPⅡ.The average or percentage of diseased seeds of superior plants in GPⅢ wassmaller,while the resistance of their progenies was similar to those of the other threepopulations.The 3 short-term gene pools were significantly better than GPO in mostagronomic characters.Mean plant height in GPⅠ,GPⅡ and GPⅢ was 12.2,11.4and 6.7cm shorter,and grain weight per spike and 1000-grain weight were9.79—17.20% and 2.76—9.91% heavier than those of GPO,respectively.Moretotal and seeded spikelets and grains per spike were ob

关 键 词：小麦 轮回选择 赤霉病 抗病性 

分 类 号：S512.103.4[农业科学—作物学]