地震时空分布结构的多重分形特征的研究  

MULTIFRACTAL ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL-TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF EARTHQUAKES

作　　者：王琳瑛[1] 朱传镇[1] 黄容良 

机构地区：[1]国家地震局地球物理研究所,中国北京100081

出　　处：《地震》1994年第5期11-19,共9页Earthquake

摘　　要：地震作为地壳内的大尺度破裂被认为是分形的,具有分数维的特征。根据多重分形的观点,本文研究了部分曾发生过中强以上地震的地区小震时空分布特征,应用固定质量法计算了地震时空分布的广义分维D_q,并得到了分形奇异谱f(α)-α_o初步分析结果表明:地震空间分布具有非均匀的分形结构,D_∞的分维值比D_0和负q的D_q值稳定。D_∞的时间变化实例表明:D_∞在大震发生前降低。这意味着地壳应力场非均匀程度的变化,进而简略地讨论了地震预测。Earthquakes as a large-scale fracture in the earth's crust are known to be a fractal form, which is characterized by a fractal dimension. From a multifractal viewpoint, we analyzed the spatial-temporal distribution of micro-earthquakes in several seismic zones as well as prior to some large earthquakes (M≥7) in China. Generalized dimension, Dq. of the spatial distribution was calculated by using fixed-mass method, singularity spectrum f(α)- αwas also obtained. Our preliminary results show that the spatial distribution of earthquakes is a heterogeneous fractal structure. The value of fractal dimension D∞ is much stable than D0and Dqwith negative q. It is very useful to characterize a heterogeneous fractal pattern of seismicity. The temporal variation of D∞is also illustuated, it is found that D∞decreases before large earthquake occurrence. Its implications in understanding the heterogeneity degree of crustal stress state and in earthquake prediction are briefly discussed.

关 键 词：非均匀性 地震预测 时空分布结构 

分 类 号：P315.7[天文地球—地震学]