人类生给活动引起的森林草原生态系统的演替特征  

Successional Features of Forested Grassland Ecosystem Caused by livelihood-action of Humanity

作　　者：刘存琦[1] 王辉珠[1] 高致琦 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业工程系

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》1994年第4期423-427,共5页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

摘　　要：本文通过对一个温带－针阔叶林草原生态系统的调查研究得出，在人类强烈的生给活动影响下，山地针－阔叶林被的演替依坡向、坡度和海拔高低呈如下序谱：在北向坡，原Ｐａａｔｓｔａｂｕｌａｅ－ｆｏｒｍｉｓ—Ｓｉｎａｒｕｎｄｉｎａｒｉａｎｉｔｉｄａ群落由高而低依次变为Ｂｅｔｕｌａａｌｂｏ－ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ－Ｓｉｎａｒｕｎｄｉｎａｒｉａｎｉｔｉｄａ，Ｂ．ｐｌａｔｙｐｈｙｌｌａ─Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓｄａｖｉｄｉａｎａ，Ｑｕｅｒｃｕｓｌｉａｏｔｕｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ－Ｑ．ｓｐｉｎｏｓａ，Ｐｉｎｕｓａｒｍａｎｄｉｉ－Ｔｉｌｉａｐａｖｃｉｃｏｓｔａｔａ，高杂灌；而在南向坡，依次为亚高山禾草——莎草科草甸—Ｓａｌｉｘｐｕｒｐｕｒｅａ灌丛、Ｓａｌｉｘｐｕｒｐｕｒｅａ—Ａｒｔｅｍｉｇｉａｔａｎｇｕｔｉｃａ、农耕地、裸岩一砾石坡。其总的演进趋向是：生境依次变干，植物量依次减少，土壤肥力依次降低，种的多样性经历着由“较单一到复杂再到单一”的贫化过程。Through investigating and researching the mixed decidious-coniferous forested e-cosystem,we found that the succession of the primary vegetation community of Pints tabulaeformis-Sinarundinaria nitida is turned into Betulaalbo-sinensis-S. nitida,B. Platyphylla-Populus davidiana,Quercus liaotungensis-Q.spinosa,P.armandii-Tilia paucicostata, the tall mixed brush on the north-facing slope and in-to subalpine grass-cyperaceae marshland ,Salix purpurea-mixed brush,tilledland ,bare gravel ground on the south-facing slope from high to low. On the basis of slopefacing and slope and altitude,underthe intensive influence of the livelihood activity of humanity,its evolution tends that the habitat be-comes arider and arider ,phytomass in fewer and fewer as well as the fertility of soil is lower and low-er in proper order. Diversity of the species in undergoing such a dilution course as “from simpler tocomplex and to the simplest”.

关 键 词：森林生态系统 生给活动 森林草原系统 演替特征 

分 类 号：S718.55[农业科学—林学] S812－05