4D缺体小麦与八倍体小偃麦杂交的细胞遗传学研究  

A Cytogenetic Study on Hybrids from Crossing 4D-Nullisomics with 8X-Agrotriticum

作　　者：袁文业[1] 孙善澄[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院作物遗传研究所

出　　处：《华北农学报》1994年第3期1-6,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：山西省自然科学基金

摘　　要：利用自花结实的４Ｄ缺体小麦作母本，与中２、中５及中１００１等八倍体小偃麦杂交，获得的杂种Ｆ１植株除４Ｄ缺体×中５育性极低外，其余组合略低于普通小麦×八倍体小偃麦的自交结实率。杂种Ｆ１体细胞２ｎ＝４８。４Ｄ缺体×中２的Ｆ１花粉母细胞减数分裂ＭＩ染色体配对的平均构型为１８．８１（１５－２２）Ⅱ＋０．５７（０－３）Ⅲ＋０．１１（０－２）Ⅳ＋８．２３（６－１０）Ⅰ。观察结果同时表明：（１）单价体的分布在每个ＰＭＣ中以８为众数；（２）单价体之中的两个在多数的ＰＮＣｓ中能形成次级联合配对，说明４Ｄ与４Ｅ染色体具有部分同源关系；（３）杂种Ｆ１多数花粉母细胞中多价体的出现表明八倍体小偃麦中Ｅ染色体组具有促进部分同源染色体配对的基因。Hybrids were produced from crossing one 4D-nullisomics with three 8X-Agrotriticum.F1plants derived from 4DN/Zhong 5 were nearly sterile.Other two hybrids were fertile.but grain set percent was lower than that of wheat×Agrotriticum. The hybrid plants were morphologically intermediate between the parents and had 2n=48 chromosomes.Meiotic behaviour of(4DN/Zhong 2)F1confirmed that one average PMC had 18.81(15-22)11+0.57(0-3)Ⅲ+0.11(0-2)Ⅳ+8.23(6-10)Ⅰchromosomes at meiotic FI.It was found thats(1)the frequency of PMCs with eight univalents in the distribution of univalent numbers was mode;(2)secondary synaptic pairing of 4D and 4E chromosome was observed.We think that they may be homeologous chromosomes,and 4E chromosome can compensate for the function of 4D chromosome;(3)high frequency of multivalents indicates that Agropyron glaucum have a gene(genes)to promote pairing of homeologous chromosomes.

关 键 词：小麦 偃麦草 缺体 减数分裂 杂交 

分 类 号：S512.103.5[农业科学—作物学]