聚乙烯醇膜的研制及乙醇水溶液的渗透蒸发(PV)分离  

PREPARATION OF THE POLYVINYL ALCOHOL MEMBRANE AND SEPARATION OF ETHANOL AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY PERVAPORATION

作　　者：陈燕淑[1] 陈翠仙[1] 蒋维钧[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学化工系

出　　处：《水处理技术》1989年第1期9-14,共6页Technology of Water Treatment

摘　　要：选择以聚乙烯醇(PVA)作膜材料,制成具有一定通量及分离效果的聚乙烯醇均质膜及聚乙烯醇/聚砜复合膜。讨论了膜的抗水性及抗化学腐蚀性。用透射电镜及扫描电镜进行了结构测定,并研究了这两种膜在分离95%(重量浓度)乙醇水溶液时的性能以及温度、交联度对膜性能的影响。实验发现聚乙烯醇均质膜具有较高的分离系数;聚乙烯醇/聚砜复合膜在基本维持均质膜分离性能的前提下,通量有较大提高。还发现经Cr^(3+)的饱和溶液处理后再进一步交联的膜,交联度及稳定性都有提高,分离系数略有下降。To remove water from ethanol aqueous solution by pervaporation (PV),Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) was selected as the membrane material and PVAhomogeneous membranes and PVA/Polysolfone (PSF) composite membraneswere used in the experiments.The water-resistant and chemical-resistantability of the membranes was discussed when they were crosslinked in diff-erent ways.The structure of the membranes was tested by TEM and SEM.The permeability and selectivity of separating 95 wt% ethanol aqueous sol-ution using several kinds of membranes (including the mentioned two ones)were given.The effect of temperature and degree of crosslinking on PVprocesses was also discussed.It was found that PVA homogeneous membrane has higher selectivity,PVA/PSF membrane has higher fluxes with nearly the same selectivity tothe homogeneous one.It was also found that the degree of crosslinking andthe stablebility of PVA membrane were increased and its selectivity wasslightly decreased,if the membrane was processed with saturated Cr^(3+) sol-ution before further crosslinking.

关 键 词：聚乙烯醇膜 乙醇 渗透 蒸发 

分 类 号：TQ028.8[化学工程]