多效唑对几种生物的毒性及对植物超微结构效应的研究  

STUDY OF PP333 TOXICITIES TO SEVERAL AQUATIC ORGANISMS AND EFFECTS ON PLANT ULTRA-MICROSTRUCTURES

作　　者：蔡后建[1] 周风帆[1] 金琦[1] 陈忠林[1] 郁昂[1] 金洪钧[1] 黄华强[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学环境科学与工程系,江苏省农药研究所

出　　处：《南京大学学报（自然科学版）》1994年第2期274-280,共7页Journal of Nanjing University（Natural Science）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金;南京大学分析中心测试基金

摘　　要：本文研究了多效唑对真菌及几种水生生物的毒性作用．结果表明：多效唑具有较强的杀真菌能力，对青霉菌的９６ｈＥＣ５０为２．７ｐｐｍ．对月牙藻、田螺、大型、水丝蚓、蝌蚪草鱼的ＬＣ５０或ＥＣ５０值的范围在１０ｐｐｍ以上，采用不同的农药安全评价方法，多效唑被评为低毒农药。对黑麦草超微结构的实验表明，多效唑增强了输导组织木质部的结构和功能，增强了细胞核质之间的联系，提高了内质网、高尔基体、核糖体的代谢活力，使叶绿体的基粒、基质片层显著增加，有利于增强光合作用的能力．The PP333 toxicities to fungi and several aquatic organisms were studied.The results showed that PP333 bad strong ability of fungicide. The 72h and 96h..EC50 forPenicilium Chrysogenum were 2.1 and 2.7ppm respectively. According to the observationfor Aspergillus niger by Scanning Electron Microscope, the results showed that PP333 didnot affect the growth of Aspergillus niger significantly in low concentration (<0.1ppm).But in high concentration (>1ppm) PP333 inhibited the growth of aerial hyphae, thenaffected sporulation and sporangiospore development.The results of PP333 toxicity on aquatic organisms showed that the .96h EC50 forSelenastrum capricornutum was 41 .5ppm; the 48h LC50 for Daphnia magna was 28.7ppm;the 48h EC50 for Cipangopaludina chinests was 10.7ppm; the 96h LC50 for Bufo bufogangarizans and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri were 9.0ppm and 35.6ppm, respectively. The development of the embryo of Ctenopharyngodon iddelus was affected by PP333. The 24hLC50 for fry was 19.4ppm. It was retarted in saccus olfactorius phase by high concentration(> 50ppm). According to different assessment standards, PP333 belongs to 'low toxicity'pesticide.PP333 shortened plant height and promoted tillering. The influence experiment ofPP333 on the microstructure of Lolium multiflorum Lam. showed: the structure and function of xylem were strengthened. It increased the number of trachea, enlarged trachea cavity, and widened the wall of trachea. With the increase of treated concentration, the effectwas strengthened. According to the experiment observation for the ultra-microstructure ofcell in plant by Transimission Electron microscope, the result showed that the connectionbetween the cell nucleus and cytoplasm was strengthened. It improved the metabolism activity of endoplasmic, ribosome, Golgi body. The amount of ribosome, flattened sacs andvesicles in Golgi body increased significantly. PP333 also raised the number of starch particle, stroma lamellae, and grana of chloroplast, and increased the contents of chlorophyll,and streng

关 键 词：多效唑 毒性 超微结构 水生生物 

分 类 号：TQ450.26[化学工程—农药化工]